论文总字数：15049字

摘 要

在互联网 以及物联网的挑战之下，人们的生活观念也在不断发生着改变。人们对于生活的便捷智能以及安全性能有了更高的要求，于是，智能家电就逐渐走进了人们的生活中。因为传统的门锁、防盗锁安全系数比较低，已经不能满足社会需求，为满足社区和建筑的智能防护，门禁系统已由从单一门禁功能发展到综合多功能的系统，例如数字密码、IC 卡、指纹识别等新式门禁系统被人们发明出来，给人们的生活带来了便捷。

本课题将从硬件和软件部分来对基于STM32的多功能识别的门禁系统进行描述。首先，在硬件设计部分，本课题使用STM32F103C8T6作为核心控制器，加入了键盘输入、指纹识别、射频识别、继电器等模块形成了总体的硬件结构。在指纹模块中，通过检测到的指纹与已录入的指纹进行对比，如果提取的特征值相同，则可以开启门禁，并且通过按键输入实现录入指纹的操作，在LCD屏幕中显示步骤。同样在射频识别模块中，可以通过对比识别录入的IC卡实现门禁的开关，通过按键输入管理IC卡的添加和删除，并且在LCD屏幕中显示。在软件部分采用模块化的设计思路，分别完成指纹识别门禁模块，射频识别门禁模块，再进行主程序的设计开发。最后，在硬件和软件设计完成之后，将硬件和软件联合起来进行调试，解决遇到的问题，使得系统能够正常运行，并能够满足用户需求。本课题主要研究了指纹识别和射频识别的原理，将智能化的识别方式结合在一起，实现门禁系统的多功能识别。

单一的门禁验证方式在渐渐的被取代，门禁技术不断的创新，很多智能门禁系统也在不断被人们发明出来。本课题以STM32单片机为主控芯片，利用RFID技术和指纹识别技术，设计一款智能安防门禁系统，综合多种识别技术，解决了人们容易遗忘钥匙、门锁易被损坏的问题，大大提高了门禁系统的安全性和便捷性。

关键词：STM32；指纹识别；射频识别Design and Implementation of Access Control System Based on STM32

Abstract

Under the challenge of the Internet and the Internet of Things, people's life concepts are also constantly changing. People have higher requirements for the convenience, intelligence and safety performance of life, so smart home appliances have gradually entered people's lives. Because the safety factor of traditional door locks and anti-theft locks is relatively low, it can no longer meet the needs of society. In order to meet the intelligent protection of communities and buildings, the access control system has evolved from a single access control function to a comprehensive multi-functional system, such as digital passwords and IC cards, Fingerprint recognition and other new access control systems were invented by people, bringing convenience to people's lives.

This topic will describe the access control system based on STM32's multi-functional identification from the hardware and software parts. First of all, in the hardware design part, this subject uses STM32F103C8T6 as the core controller, adding keyboard input, fingerprint recognition, radio frequency identification, relay and other modules to form the overall hardware structure. In the fingerprint module, the detected fingerprint is compared with the fingerprint already entered. If the extracted feature values are the same, the access control can be turned on, and the operation of entering the fingerprint can be realized by key input, and the steps are displayed on the LCD screen. Also in the radio frequency identification module, the access control switch can be realized by comparing the ID cards entered, and the addition and deletion of ID cards can be managed by key input, and displayed on the LCD screen. In the software part, a modular design idea is adopted to complete the fingerprint identification access control module and the radio frequency identification access control module, and then design and develop the main program. Finally, after the hardware and software design is completed, the hardware and software are jointly debugged to solve the problems encountered, so that the system can run normally and meet user needs. This topic mainly studies the principles of fingerprint identification and radio frequency identification, and combines intelligent identification methods to achieve multi-functional identification of access control systems.

The single access control verification method is gradually being replaced, the access control technology is continuously innovated, and many smart access control systems are continuously invented by people. This subject takes STM32 microcontroller as the main control chip, uses RFID technology and fingerprint recognition technology to design an intelligent security access control system, which integrates a variety of identification technologies to solve the problems that people easily forget keys and door locks are easily damaged The security and convenience of the access control system.

Keywords: STM32; fingerprint identification; radio frequency identification

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引 言 1

1.1 课题研究的背景 1

1.2 门禁系统的国内外研究现状 1

1.3 课题研究的目的和意义 2

1.4 课题研究的内容和目标 2

1.4.1 课题研究内容 2

1.4.2 课题研究目标 3

1.5 本章小结 3

第二章 基于STM32的门禁系统总体方案设计 4

2.1 控制方案分析 4

2.2 系统总体设计方案 4

2.3 本章小结 4

第三章 门禁系统硬件部分设计 5

3.1 主控制器 5

3.2 AS608指纹识别模块 6

3.3 MFRC522模块 7

3.4 LCD12864显示模块 7

3.5 报警电路 8

3.6 矩阵按键模块 8

3.7电源电路 9

3.8本章小结 9

第四章 门禁系统软件部分设计 10

4.1 系统的主程序模块 10

4.2 按键扫描模块 10

4.3 指纹识别模块 10

4.4 LCD12864显示模块 12

4.5 射频识别模块 13

4.6 本章小结 13

第五章 系统调试 14

5.1 调试方式 14

5.2 LCD显示功能调试 14

5.3 按键功能调试 14

5.4 指纹模块调试 14

5.5 射频卡模块调试 14

5.6 整体系统功能调试 15

5.7 调试中遇到的问题及解决方案 15

5.8 调试结果 15

5.9本章小结 16

第六章 结论 17

致 谢 18

参考文献 19

第一章 引 言

1.1 课题研究的背景

门禁一开始起源于原始社会，人们用木条或门闩锁上门，去确保他们的财产和自己的安全。社会的逐步发展，人们的安全意识不断提高，人们发明了各种各样的锁。比如机械锁，电子锁。机械锁很大程度上提高了门禁的安全性，但机械锁只是简单的机械安装装置。虽然结构和材料都比木质门锁好，但其安全性能仍然无法提高，人们还是可以很轻易的打开它。为了弥补这些缺陷,人们发明了电子锁,门禁控制进入了电子时代。但是电子锁也有磁卡故障率高、易复制的缺陷，现在也面临着淘汰。

一个有效和可靠的身份识别系统十分重要。传统的密码、身份证等,可能是假冒或者伪造的,不符合现代社会安全的要求。这时候生物识别方法应运而生，指纹识别就是其中一种，最传统也是最成熟的生物识别方法，并且稳定性很强、唯一性明显。迄今为止，指纹都是具有唯一性的，还没有发现在未来，我们的指纹在生活中将被广泛使用，使我们的生活更安全，更方便。

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