自适应雨刷控制系统设计

论文总字数：22967字

摘 要

近些年随着汽车产业的高速发展和造车技术的日益进步，国内部分地区家庭汽车占有量也基本达到一家一辆甚至是一家多辆。汽车驾驶的舒适性也受到了更多驾驶者的关注。目前有一种可以完全解放双手的全自动智能雨刮器可以大大提高驾驶的舒适性和安全性，近几年全自动雨刮车辆搭载率也在缓步上升，但是国内对于智能雨刮的研究很少，现存市场上搭载的此类产品几乎都是外国品牌。因此，本文设计了一种基于单片机的汽车自适应雨刮器。

本次设计的自适应雨刷器，采用能够收集模拟信号的雨滴传感器，通过模数转换成为单片机可处理的数字信号。在下雨时自动打开雨刷器，并根据当前的雨量自动调整雨刷器的刮雨速度，无雨时自动关闭雨刮器。系统采用单片机为控制核心， 通过检测传感器上雨水面积多少来判断雨量大小，进而自动改变雨刷器的挡位。本次设计还设置了手动模式，便于满足在无雨时对雨刷器的操作。

文中详细介绍了自适应雨刷器的原理，并展示了系统各个模块的构成。采用模块化的设计思路，设计了驱动模块、显示模块以及传感器模块和按键电路，也进行了最终的调试实验。

关键词：单片机；雨刷器；自适应；传感器

Design of Adaptive Wiper Control System

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of the automobile industry and the increasing progress of car manufacturing technology, the number of family cars in some areas of China has basically reached one or even more than one. More drivers are paying attention to the comfort of driving. At present, there is a kind of automatic intelligent wiper that can completely liberate both hands, which can greatly improve the comfort and safety of driving. In recent years, the carrying rate of automatic wiper vehicles is also rising gradually. However, there are few researches on intelligent wiper in China, and almost all such products carried on the existing market are foreign brands. Therefore, this paper designs a kind of auto adaptive wiper based on single chip microcomputer.

The design of the adaptive wiper, the use of raindrop sensor can collect analog signals, through the analog-to-digital conversion into a single chip microcomputer can process the digital signal. Open the wiper automatically when it rains, and automatically adjust the wiper's wiper speed according to the current rainfall, and automatically close the wiper when there is no rain. The system uses single-chip microcomputer as the control core, and determines the amount of rainfall by detecting the amount of rain area on the sensor, and then automatically changes the position of the wiper. The design also set the manual mode, easy to meet the operation of the wiper in no rain.

In this paper, the principle of the adaptive wiper is introduced in detail, and the composition of each module of the system is shown. The driving module, the display module, the sensor module and the key circuit are designed by using the modular design idea.

Key words: Single chip microcomputer; wiper，Adaptive，sensor

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景与意义 1

1.2课题主要研究内容 2

第二章 自适应雨刷系统整体方案 3

2.1设计要求 3

2.2整体设计框图 3

2.3系统组成概述 3

第三章自适应雨刷系统的硬件设计 5

3.1系统硬件结构 5

3.2主控芯片 5

3.3液晶显示电路 5

3.4雨滴传感器 6

3.4.1感知光的强度变化的雨量传感器原理 7

3.4.2热电偶式雨量传感器原理 7

3.4.3电容式雨量传感器原理 8

3.4.4三种传感器对比 8

3.5模数转换模块 9

3.6步进电机的选择 11

3.7驱动模块 12

3.8按键电路设计 13

3.9电源电路 14

第四章自适应雨刷系统的软件设计 16

4.1主流程图分析 16

4.2 雨量大小判断程序 17

4.3 显示部分程序设计 18

4.4ULN2003控制电机流程图 19

第五章自适应雨刷系统的调试 21

第六章 结论 23

致谢 24

参考文献 25

附录一 26

附录二 26

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