论文总字数：20583字

摘 要

如今，雾霾天气已经越来越影响到人们的生活，也成为了人们健康的有一大主要威胁，也是社会和人们关注的重点。而造成雾霾的主要成因就是PM2.5的浓度，PM浓度主要是指环境空气中尘埃或飘尘的空气当量直径为10μm的尘埃或飘尘在环境空气中的浓度，然而PM2.5又是PM浓度中影响最大的一个指标。因此pm2.5浓度的高低直接反映了当前城市或地区的空气质量的好坏，也是人们衡量环境质量的一大重要依据。也为政府改善环境提高环境质量敲响了警钟。

目前市场上价格较低相对简易的PM2.5的浓度的检测的仪器,只是测量一个区域的PM2.5的浓度，但是实际上各个地区的PM浓度不尽相同，因此人们无法对当前一定范围内的PM2.5的整体情况做到全局的把握，来采取相关的措施来避免或是减少PM2.5对生活造成的危害。

我的设计是基于单片机STC89C52RC的PM浓度的检测报警系统，系统包括：PM浓度检测传感器、复位电路、时钟电路、A/D转换电路、报警电路、显示电路这几大模块单元。能够实现对室内和室外环境中PM2.5浓度数据的实时检测，并完成PM2.5浓度数据的采集和处理，然后通过LCD1602分两行分别显示室内外PM2.5的浓度数据，并在相关浓度数值超过用户设定的阈值时进行声光报警，以提醒用户开启相关空气净化装置。系统使用方便，性价比较高，适合家庭等场合使用。

关键词：STC89C52RC；检测报警；单片机；PM2.5浓度

Design of Testing and Warning System of PM’s Concentration

Based on the MCU Control

Abstract

Today, the fog and haze has been affect people"s lives increasingly, it has become a major threat to people"s health, but also the important attention of social and people. The main causes of haze is caused by the concentration of PM2.5, PM concentration mainly refers to the concentration of dust or fly ash 10μm in ambient air or ambient air particulates of dust equivalent diameter of the air, however, the concentration of PM2.5 has the greatest impact on PM. Therefore pm2.5’s level of concentration reflects on the quality of the current city or area air quality directly. It is also one of the important basis to measure of the environmental quality of. But also sounded the alarm for the government to improve the environment to improve the quality of the environment

Currently instruments to measure the concentration of PM2.5which have lower price and relatively simple on the market, it is just one area of PM2.5, but in fact each region PM concentrations is different, Therefore people can’t grasp the within the current range of overall situation of the global PM2.5, and to take relevant measures to avoid or reduce the harm caused by PM2.5 life.

My design is based on MCU STC89S52RC Testing and Warning system of PM’s Concentration includes: PM concentration dection sensor, reset circuit, clock circuit, A/D converter circuit, alarm circuit, display circuit which several modular units. It has real-time detection of indoor and outdoor environments PM2.5 concentration data, and complete acquisition and processing,to the data of PM2.5 concentration and then displays the indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentration data were two lines by LCD1602 and relevant concentrations When the value exceeds the threshold set by the user sound and light alarm to alert the user to open the relevant air cleaning devices. The system is easy to use, cost-effective, suitable for home and other occasions.

Keywords：STC89C52RC；Test and Warning; MCU；PM2.5’s Concentration

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 引 言 1

1.1 选题背景与意义 1

1.2 PM2.5检测发展历程 1

1.3 PM2.5检测器国内外发展现状及发展趋势 2

1.3.1 常用的PM2.5检测仪 2

1.3.2 发展趋势 2

1.4 系统的总体设计 2

1.4.1 系统的原理 3

1.4．2 系统的组成 3

1.5 单片机系统功能的设定 4

第二章 系统硬件电路设计 5

2.1 中央处理单元 5

2.2 PM传感器单元 6

2.3 PCF8591 A/D、D/A 转换模块 8

2.4 显示电路 9

2.4.1 1602LCD的基本参数及引脚功能 9

2.4.2 显示模块采用LCD 1602液晶显示接口电路 11

2.5 复位电路设计 11

2.6 报警电路 12

第三章 系统的软件设计 13

3.1 单片机资源使用 13

3.2 主程序模块 13

3.3 数据采集程序 14

3.4 数据显示程序 14

3.5 数据处理子程序 15

3.6 报警子程序 16

3.7 PWM子程序 17

第四章 系统仿真及调试 18

4.1 Keil uVision4程序调试 18

4.2 系统仿真原理 18

4.3 系统仿真及仿真结果 19

4.3.1 仿真设置 19

4.4 误差分析 20

第五章 结束语 21

致 谢 22

参考文献(References) 23

附 录 24

第一章 引 言

1.1 选题背景与意义

由于空气质量的恶化，阴霾天气现象呈现加多，中原很多区域把阴霾天气现象并入一块儿作为危害环境的一大杀手。雾霾的主要成因就是PM2.5的浓度，并且危害现象逐渐加重。是以，对丈量可入肺颗粒物浓度显得越来越重要。

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