智能粮仓监控系统的设计

 2023-03-25 18:03:04

论文总字数:24830字

摘 要

本次毕业设计是使用STC公司生产的90C51作为控制器设计的智能粮仓检测系统,主要由温湿度采集、单片机控制、LCD1602、蜂鸣器、步进电机、USB连接器六部分组成。

该设计是用德飞莱 LY-51s开发板设计的,它包含90C51单片机,蜂鸣器,USB数据连接下载线同时上面还有LCD1602,步进电机的驱动部分,相对于所述最小系统板简单实用,温湿度数字传感器DHT11是经过校准的数字信号输出,其中复合地包含了温度和湿度传感器。它采用温湿度传感器技术和专用的采集数字模块技术,保证产品拥有高可靠性和很好的长期稳定性。传感器与有高性能的8位微控制器相连接,传感器本身包含一个NTC测温元件和一个电阻式感湿元件。所以,该产品品质比较卓越,能够有力地抗干扰,响应速度迅速,性价比高等优点。

蜂鸣器部分是开发板系统自带的,只需要一根杜邦线就可以和单片机连接起来,步进电机采用28BYJ48型步进电机。因为开发板自带驱动,只需要4根杜邦线就可以连接到单片机,abcd口分别接p3.0---p3.3.本次设计要注重端口的连接,尤其是LCD1602,因为它端口比较多,然而许多程序的端口并不一致。连接不正确会使系统不能正常工作。这个问题困扰我很长时间,一直找不到原因。经过反复检查才知道并且解决这个问题。

粮仓的温度和湿度通过传感器被微控制器显示在LCD1602显示器上,同时超过阀值的与否决定蜂鸣器和步进电机的工作,而如果它超过了设定值则蜂鸣器响应,而步进电机将工作,这就是整个系统的过程以及实现的功能。

关键词:90C51微控制器;DHT11传感器;LCD1602显示器;温湿度测量

Intelligent Granary Monitoring System

Abstract

The graduation project is the application of STC company"s 90C51 controller design as intelligent granary detection system, mainly collected by the temperature and humidity, six parts MCU control, LCD1602, buzzer, stepper motors, USB connector.

This design is DOFLY-51s development board design that contains 90C51 microcontroller, buzzer, USB data cable connection to download while driving section above, there LCD1602, stepper motor, relative to the minimum system board Simple Practical, temperature and humidity digital sensor signal output DHT11 is digitally calibrated, wherein the composite contains a temperature and humidity sensor. It uses temperature and humidity sensor technology and special digital acquisition module technology to ensure that products with high reliability and excellent long-term stability. Sensor and high-performance 8-bit microcontroller connected to the sensor itself contains an NTC temperature element and a resistive element being wet. So, compare the quality of the product excellence, capable of strong anti-jamming, fast response speed and cost advantages.

Part of the development board buzzer system comes only need a Dupont line can connect the microcontroller, stepper motor with 28BYJ48 stepping motor. Because the development board comes drive, only four DuPont line can be connected to the microcontroller, abcd mouth were connected p3.0 --- p3.3. This experiment should pay attention to the connection port, especially LCD1602, because it is relatively port and more, however, many programs are not consistent port. Incorrect connection causes the system to not work properly. This problem has troubled me for a long time, I could not find the reason. After repeated examination to know and solve this problem.

Granary temperature and humidity by the sensor is displayed on the microcontroller LCD1602 display while the decision whether or not to work more than the threshold the buzzer and the stepper motor, and if it exceeds a set value, the buzzer response, and Stepper motor will work, this is the process of the whole system and achieve the function.

Keywords:90C51 microcontroller; DHT11 sensor; LCD1602 display; temperature and humidity measurements

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 国内外智能粮仓监控的发展与现状 1

1.3 设计目标 2

第二章 设计方案 3

2.1 各模块的选择与论证 3

2.1.1 温湿度传感器的选型 3

2.1.2 单片微控制器的选择 3

2.1.3 LCD显示器的选择 3

2.2 本章小结 4

第三章 系统主控部分 5

3.1 单片微控制器90C51 5

3.1.1 90c51简介及主要特性 5

3.1.2 90c51设计的时钟电路 6

3.2 本章小结 6

第四章 系统部分 7

4.1 DHT11数字传感器 7

4.1.1 接口说明 7

4.1.2 供电电源管脚 7

4.1.3 dht11的实物包装图 7

4.1.4 传感器DHT11管脚图 8

4.1.5 注意事项 8

4.2 显示的设计 8

4.2.1 1602液晶简介 8

4.2.2 指令说明 8

4.2.3 显示电路原理图 9

4.3 报警电路 9

4.3.1 蜂鸣器简介 10

4.4 步进电机 10

4.5 本章小结 10

第五章 开发工具 11

5.1 Keil软件介绍 11

5.2 Stc-isp软件介绍 11

第六章 智能粮仓监控系统的硬件调试结果 12

6.1 计算机的软件支持 12

6.1.1 “USB下载器”电脑驱动程序的安装 12

6.1.2 下载软件的安装 12

6.2 整个硬件系统的连接 12

6.3 整个硬件系统的实物结果 12

第七章 总结与展望 14

致 辞 15

参考文献 16

附 录 17

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