论文总字数：13989字

目 录

1 引言

2 材料与方法

2.1 实验材料

2.2 实验处理

2.3 数据采集

2.4 数据处理

3 结果与分析

3.1 弱光与渍害对冬小麦的影响

3.1.1 净光合速率

3.1.2 气孔导度

3.1.3 胞间二氧化碳浓度

3.1.4 蒸腾速率

3.1.5 叶绿素含量

3.2 渍水和遮荫对冬小麦产量的影响

3.2.1 穗数

3.2.2 穗粒数

3.2.3 千粒重

3.2.4 产量

4 讨论与结论

4.1 讨论

4.2 结论

参考文献

致 谢

花后弱光渍水胁迫对冬小麦生长发育的影响

曹士海

，China

Abstract：Based on the field experiment of winter wheat, this study measured the changes of photosynthetic parameters and final product parameters of winter wheat after anthesis by simulating weak light and waterlogging stress. Low light (S), waterlogging (W), weak light water (SW), and control (CK) treatment groups were set up. Based on the experimental results obtained, the effects of low light and waterlogging stress on the growth and development of winter wheat were analyzed. To analyze the changes of photosynthesis and yield index of winter wheat under low light and waterlogging stress after flowering, and then to clarify the response of winter wheat to post-anthesis low water stress water stress. The results showed that the weak light and waterlogging had significant negative effects on the stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate of wheat over time, and the weak light waterlogging stress had an additive effect. Low light and waterlogging had a negative effect on the decrease of intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in wheat flag leaf with time, while weak light water stress double stress had a positive effect with time, but was lower than the control group. For the content of chlorophyll in wheat flag leaf, there was a significant positive effect under weak light stress, and waterlogging showed a negative effect. The chlorophyll content of weak light waterlogging treatment group first rose and then decreased, and finally was lower than the control group. Low light and waterlogging had obvious negative effects on the number of grains per ear, 1000-grain weight and final yield of wheat, and weak light waterlogging had a superposition effect; weak light and waterlogging stress had an effect on the panicle number of wheat after flowering is not obvious.

Key words: winter wheat; low light; photosynthesis; waterlogging; yield

1 引言

小麦是一种在世界各地有着广泛种植的乔本科农作物，其果实是人类的主食之一。小麦的生长发育受着诸多因素的制约，如光照强度，土壤湿度，生物因素等。最近几年，灾害性天气在世界气候变化的影响下频频发生，严重影响了小麦的产量和品质^[1]。南京地处长江中下游地区，春季多阴多雨，小麦的种植常受到弱光或渍水等的胁迫，导致叶片的光合和蒸腾作用迅速下降，从而影响小麦的有机物的形成和累积，最终导致小麦的产量与品质下降。为南京冬小麦的种植带来了诸多的课题与挑战。

长江中下游麦区对我国国家和地区的粮食安全极其重要。其播种面积占全国小麦总面积的15%左右，是我国的主要产麦区之一。但受该地区气候的影响，小麦在生长发育的关键时期：开花期时常受到弱光及渍水胁迫，导致根系氧气缺乏，光合能力下降，对植物的生长发育将产生比较大的危害^[2-3]。这一状况在小麦的生长发育后期并不少见，成为了限制小麦产量的重要限制因子。冬小麦花后是其发育过程的关键时期，花后的不同时期受到弱光或渍水影响均会对小麦的产量造成显著降低^[4]，而小麦在这一时期常受到当地多阴多雨的天气影响。为此，国内外学者就冬小麦光合作用和产量受渍水胁迫^[5-9]和弱光胁迫^[10-12的影响做了大量研究。有研究表明，渍水将造成小麦严重减产，并且其影响将会随时间加剧^[13]。光照强度对于小麦产量的影响是及其显著的，前人的大量研究都证明了这一点^[14]。弱光胁迫则会使小麦的净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等显著降低^[15]。弱光胁迫还会影响小麦的气孔导度，小麦的光合作用、呼吸作用也会产生程度不同的负效应，此外还会影响小麦的干物质积累^[16]。最终结果表现为小麦的产量降低。

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