摘 要

超支化聚合物的结构特点表现为：独特准球形分子结构与端基数量庞大，有溶解度高而粘度低、反应活性优秀等优良性能。而壳聚糖来源广泛、成本低廉、有出众吸附性能、可循环使用而不污染环境、有良好生物降解性，对工业生产上而言是无比理想的吸附试剂。而它的低溶解度的缺点却是最大的制约。

所以，若能通过超支化聚合物接枝壳聚糖，从而改善壳聚糖的水溶性与分子键刚性，那么改性后的壳聚糖将对处理工业生产中产生的废水有极大的帮助，能有效地大大降低成本，有效而大幅度提高效率。

本课题以丙烯酸甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、二乙烯三胺、环氧氯丙烷与壳聚糖粉末为原料，制备得到HBP-chitosan（CZHJHW-KJT），按控制变量法探索甲基橙在壳聚糖溶液中的吸附性能（不同甲基橙溶液的浓度，不同CZHJHW-KJT初始质量、不同pH值）。得到以下结论：

1. CZHJHW-KJT在中性溶液中，吸附能力最好，在pH为10的溶液中，吸附能力最弱，当pH大于10时，吸附能力开始缓慢变强。
2. 虽然当CZHJHW-KJT的量增多时，吸附的甲基橙分子越多，但却会发生吸附效率开始变低的现象。
3. 甲基橙溶液浓度越大时，CZHJHW-KJT对甲基橙的吸附能力越大，且随着时间的变化，吸附能力会变得越来越大。

4、CZHJHW-KJT在甲基橙浓度小于20mg/L时，吸附能力强却吸附不稳定。在大于20mg/L后，吸附能力虽会变小，但趋于稳定。而无论是吸附量还是吸附过程的稳定性，CZHJHW-KJT在一级动力学下都要强于在二级动力学下。

若被吸附物质最终能满足C_elt;5.75的条件，那么CZHJHW-KJT的吸附最为理想。当其数值大于此数值，则将出现吸附过量或吸附能力不足的现象。

关键词：超支化聚合物、壳聚糖、甲基橙、吸附

Preparation of hyperbranched polymer HBP grafted chitosan microspheres and study on the theory of adsorpting methyl orange

Abstract

Hyperbranched polymer has a quasi spherical unique molecular structure and rich groups, showed high solubility, low viscosity, high reactivity and other special properties. Chitosan has abundant resources, cheap, safe and non-toxic, strong adsorption capacity, can be re used, the characteristics of biodegradation, is a very ideal adsorption of reagents, but its low solubility has been greatly restricted. So, if the hyperbranched polymer grafted chitosan, so as to improve the water solubility of chitosan with molecular bond rigidity, then the modified chitosan will be of great help to the treatment of wastewater produced in industrial production, can effectively to reduce cost.

This topic to methyl acrylate, malonic acid and chitosan powder as raw materials, preparation of hyperbranched polymer grafted chitosan microspheres, and then put them into methyl orange solution, according to the control variables on the adsorption properties of chitosan in methyl orange solution (the concentration of methyl orange solution with different CZHJHW-KJT in different initial mass. Under different pH values) obtained the following conclusions:

1、In neutral solution,CZHJHW-KJT has the best adsorption capacity .When pH is 10 , the adsorption capacity is the weakest.When more than 10 pH, the adsorption capacity slowly becomes stronger.

2、Although when the amount of CZHJHW-KJT increased, the more adsorption methyl orange molecules can adsorbents, it occurs adsorption efficiency becomes low phenomenon.

3、More greater the concentration of methyl orange solution is, the adsorption capacity to methyl orange of CZHJHW-KJT increases.With the change of time, adsorption capacity will become increasingly large.

4、If the concentration of methyl orange is less than 20mg/L,the adsorption of CZHJHW-KJT is strong but not stable. In more than 20mg/L, the adsorption capacity is reduced but tends to be stable. While both the stability of adsorption or absorption process, CZHJHW-KJT at the level of dynamics are stronger than in the two level dynamic.

If the adsorbed material can meet the conditions of Celt;5.75 at last, then the adsorption of CZHJHW-KJT is the most ideal. When the value is greater than this value, the phenomenon of excessive adsorption or insufficient adsorption will appear.

目录

摘 要………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………II

目录…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ

第一章 文献综述……………………………………………………………………1

1.1选题背景…………………………………………………………………1

1.2超支化聚合物概述………………………………………………………1

1.2.1超支化聚合物的结构特点…………………………………………2

1.2.2超支化聚合物的应用………………………………………………2

1.2.3超支化聚合物的合成方法 …………………………………………3

1.3壳聚糖……………………………………………………………………5

1.3.1壳聚糖及壳聚糖纳米微粒 …………………………………………5

1.3.2壳聚糖的应用 ………………………………………………………5

1.3.3实验对象改性壳聚糖微粒的制备 …………………………………6

1.4改性壳聚糖微粒对甲基橙的吸附性能研究……………………………7

1.4.1吸附的动力学原理 …………………………………………………7

1.4.2吸附的热力学原理 …………………………………………………8

1.5本论文的思路……………………………………………………………8

1.5.1端氨基超支化聚合物的制备与测定 ………………………………8

1.5.2改性壳聚糖微球的制备与测定 ……………………………………8

1.5.3改性壳聚糖对甲基橙吸附能力测定 ………………………………8

第二章 实验与数据…………………………………………………………………9

2.1实验试剂与仪器…………………………………………………………9

2.2 CZHJHW-KJT合成 ………………………………………………………9

2.2.1四元羧酸酯的合成 …………………………………………………9

2.2.2 HBP的合成…………………………………………………………10

2.2.3CZHJHW-KJT的合成…………………………………………………10

2.3甲基橙在CZHJHW-KJT溶液中的吸附性能……………………………10

2.3甲基橙标准曲线………………………………………………………11

2.3.2吸附性能与溶液pH的关系 ………………………………………11

2.3.3吸附性能与CZHJHW-KJT投放量的关系 …………………………12

2.3.4吸附性能与甲基橙浓度的关系……………………………………14

第三章 吸附性能研究 ……………………………………………………………16

3.1吸附动力学的研究………………………………………………………16

3.2吸附热力学的研究………………………………………………………18

3.3本章小结…………………………………………………………………19

第四章 结论与展望 ………………………………………………………………20

4.1结论………………………………………………………………………20

4.2展望………………………………………………………………………20

参考文献……………………………………………………………………………21

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………22

第一章 文献综述