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学龄前儿童攻击性行为及其矫正探究——基于家庭的视角毕业论文

 2020-06-22 22:57:52  

摘 要

随着我国的经济发展迅速,家庭结构也随之有所改变,近年来,儿童问题层出比穷,社会对于儿童问题的关注度也越来越高,对学龄前儿童的行为问题的研究在国内外引起了广泛关注,学龄前儿童行为问题是指在日常生活中表现出的异于其他儿童的行为举措。攻击性行为的危害性较大,对于儿童的身心健康造成不良影响,威胁到整个社会的和谐和稳定,给家庭生活也带去了很大的负担,直接影响到个体的成长,导致其心理造成很大的创伤,无法维持良好的人际关系,经常导致人际冲突,更是制约了儿童正确的人生观、世界观、价值观的形成[[1]]。如果对于学龄前儿童的攻击性行为不加以矫正,将会导致个体在以后的生活中的辍学,被迫退学,家庭的贫困等。更有严重者会在以后的生活中发展为违法犯罪行为。因此对于攻击性行为的矫正对于儿童的健康成长意义重大,为了预防这些后果的产生,在攻击性行为的早期,就应加以矫正,尽早进行有效的防治[[2]]。目前,我国的学龄前儿童的攻击性行为的发生率越来越高。学龄前儿童的成长环境局限于家庭,受家庭的影响较大,因此从家庭的视角探究学龄前儿童的攻击性行为的形成原因以及针对性的提出相关以及加以矫正对儿童的成长至关重要。

本文通过对小学龄前儿童攻击性行为及其矫正探究的具体研究,结合文献法和访谈等方法,了解影响学龄前儿童攻击性行为的因素,主要集中于个体因素、生理因素、家庭因素这三个方面。最后解决学龄前儿童攻击性行为矫正的困难,通过各种策略来解决学龄前儿童攻击性行为及其矫正探究所面对的问题,有效促进学龄前儿童攻击性行为矫正的探究。对于目前的学龄前儿童攻击性行为相关理论和研究的借鉴和实践探索。对于学龄前儿童攻击性行为及其矫正具有很重要的现实意义。

关键词:学龄前儿童 攻击性行为 家庭

Aggressive behavior of Preschool Children and its Correction: a Family Perspective

Abstract

With the rapid economic development of our country, the family structure has also changed. In recent years, children's problems have become poorer, and society is paying more and more attention to children's problems. The research on preschool children's behavior has attracted wide attention at home and abroad. Preschool children's behavioral problems are different from other children's behavior in daily life. Aggressive behaviors are harmful to children's physical and mental health, threaten the harmony and stability of the whole society, bring a great burden to family life, and directly affect the growth of individuals. Leading to psychological trauma and failure to maintain good health Good interpersonal relationships often lead to interpersonal conflicts, but also constrain the formation of children's correct outlook on life, world outlook and values. In different social and cultural environments, the occurrence and development of children's aggressive behavior have different characteristics. If the aggressive behavior of preschool children is not corrected, the individual will drop out of school in the future, be forced to drop out of school, and the family will be poor. More serious in the future will develop into a crime in life. Therefore, the correction of aggressive behavior is of great significance for the healthy development of children. In order to prevent these consequences, it should be corrected in the early stage of aggressive behavior. Effective prevention and treatment were carried out as early as possible. At present, the incidence of aggressive behavior of preschool children in China is increasing. Preschool children's upbringing environment is limited to the family, and is greatly influenced by the family. Therefore, it is very important to explore the causes of preschool children's aggressive behavior from the family perspective and to put forward pertinence and correction.

Through the specific research on the aggressive behavior and its correction of preschool children, combined with the methods of literature and interview, this paper tries to find out the factors that affect the aggressive behavior of preschool children, which mainly focus on individual factors and physiological factors. There are three aspects of family factors. Finally, to solve the difficulties of preschool children's aggressive behavior correction, to solve the problems of preschool children's aggressive behavior and its correction through various strategies, and to effectively promote preschool children's aggressive behavior correction research. To the present preschool children aggressive behavior related theory and the research reference and the practice exploration. Aggressive behavior of Preschool Children Correction is of great practical significance.

Key words:Preschool children; aggressive behavior; family.

目 录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究意义 2

1.2.1理论意义 2

1.2.2实践意义 2

1.3研究方法 3

1.3.1文献法 3

1.3.2访谈法 3

第二章 相关概念界定 4

2.1学龄前儿童 4

2.2攻击性行为 4

第三章 理论基础 5

3.1挫折一攻击理论 5

3.2本能学理论 5

3.3家庭系统理论 5

第四章 学龄前儿童出现攻击性行为的原因分析 7

4.1生理因素影响 7

4.2个体因素的影响 7

4.3家庭因素的影响 7

第五章 学龄前儿童攻击行为的矫正措施 9

5.1营造良好的家庭氛围 9

5.1.1增加家庭成员间的亲密度 9

5.1.2重视亲子互动 9

5.2改善教育方式 9

5.2.1培养孩子的移情能力。 9

5.2.2减少强制性的教育方式 10

5.2.3采取一定的惩罚措施 10

5.3帮助儿童建立良好行为习惯 10

5.3.1发挥父母的榜样作用 10

5.3.2帮助儿童建立规律的生活习惯 11

第六章 总结 12

参考文献 13

致 谢 16

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景

随着改革开放的不断推进,我国的经济发展迅速,家庭结构也随之有所改变,近年来,儿童问题层出比穷,社会对于儿童问题的关注度也越来越高,引起了众多学者对于这一问题的研究。目前,对学龄前儿童的行为问题的研究在国内外引起了广泛关注,学龄前儿童行为问题是指在日常生活中表现出的异于其他儿童的行为举措[[3]]。儿童的行为问题不仅会给个人的成长带来致命的伤害,而且会给家庭带去负担,甚至会影响到社会的稳定和谐发展。根据相关数据显示,目前学龄前儿童的行为问题处于上升的趋势。而攻击行为是行为问题的一种,攻击性行为是指违反社会准则,有企图的给他人造成心理或者生理方面的伤害,这一行为的形成是一个逐步形成的过程,受各种因素的影响,儿童在社会化的过程中形成的行为方面的问题。Dodge等人将攻击性行为分为“反应性攻击”与“主动性攻击”。二者之间的区别为是否受到了外界的刺激而产生的攻击行为。反应性攻击是个体在受到外界的某种刺激,自身产生的一种防御性行为,进而来调节自己的情绪;而主动性攻击是指个体主动采取某种行动对他人身体或者是心理上造成上海的行为,这种行为是个体主动发起的,没有受到来自外部环境的刺激。

我国在中小学生中的调查表明,攻击性行为发生率为3.27 %,而学龄前儿童攻击性行为总检出率约为8.83 %—11.9%[[4]]。儿童的攻击性行为在个体的成长早期就已经有所表现,而在学龄前这一时期,儿童的攻击性行为增多的较快。攻击性行为具有一定的稳定性。除此之外,攻击性行为的危害性较大,对于儿童的身心健康造成不良影响,威胁到整个社会的和谐和稳定,给家庭生活也带去了很大的负担,直接影响到个体的成长,导致其心理造成很大的创伤,无法维持良好的人际关系,经常导致人际冲突,更是制约了儿童正确的人生观、世界观、价值观的形成。如果对于学龄前儿童的攻击性行为不加以矫正,将会导致个体在以后的生活中的辍学,被迫退学,家庭的贫困等。更有严重者会在以后的生活中发展为违法犯罪行为,最终导致监禁、犯罪等[[5]]。为了预防这些后果的产生,在攻击性行为的早期,就应加以矫正,尽早进行有效的防治。

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