桑木耳多糖的益生活性和抗氧化活性评价毕业论文
2020-07-02 22:39:51
摘 要
黑木耳是我们国家比较珍贵的食用真菌,有着很多的营养物质,比如多糖、蛋白质、纤维素以及各种各样的微量元素等,营养价值高,还有多种生理功能。黑木耳中多糖是木耳的主要功效组分,具有激发细胞免疫活性、有效延缓衰老、辅助降血脂、降血糖、抗凝血、抗癌和抗氧化等生物学活性,并可以作为益生元,促进肠道益生菌的生长。因此,近年来有关黑木耳多糖的提取及其功能研究十分活跃,研究内容涉及木耳多糖提取条件优化、结构分析和体外活性评价。
桑木耳(Mulberry fungus),是黑木耳中的一种。桑木耳是通过人工用桑枝屑培养木耳形成的。用这种方法培养的木耳,比一般人工生产的木耳产量可以提高10%到20%。目前国内外很少研究报道黑木耳,有关桑木耳黄酮、多糖的提取,结构的分析及功能性评价均未见报道。为此,本文对云南昆明石林区桑木耳多糖的益生活性和体外抗氧化活性进行了研究。 具体研究内容和结论如下:
(1)通过对桑木耳多糖的益生活性分析,结果发现桑木耳多糖能够有效地促进Bifidobacterium bifidum和Bifidobacterium adolescentis的生长和增殖,具有显著的益生活性;但对Lactobacillus plantarum和Lactobacillus acidophilus无促生长作用,Lactobacillus plantarum和Lactobacillus acidophilus在以桑木耳多糖为碳源的培养基中均不能生长,推测原因可能是由于这两种乳杆菌中缺乏水解桑木耳多糖的酶系,无法降解和利用桑木耳多糖。
(2)抗氧化活性分析结果表明,桑木耳多糖对ABTS· 、·OH和DPPH这些自由基都具有明显的清除作用。桑木耳多糖对DPPH自由基的清除率随着作用时间的延长而增加,但清除效率低于已报道的黑木耳多糖。
关键词:桑木耳多糖 益生活性 抗氧化活性
Evaluation of Prebiotic properties and Antioxidant activity of Mulberry fungus polysaccharides
Abstract
Auricularia auriculais frequently consumed as a food and a traditional medicine in China. It is believed to be of high nutritional value since it has the high content of carbohydrates, proteins, cellulose, and trace elements. Polysaccharides were the main efficacy composition in Auricularia auricula, because of their wide variety of pharmacological activities, such as immunomodulation, anti-aging, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anticoagulant, antitumor, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, recent research has found that polysaccharides from edible fungi could be used as prebiotics to promote the growth of intestinal probiotics. Therefore, there have been many studies on the extraction and function of A. auricula polysaccharides in recent years.
Mulberry fungus is a kind of Auricularia auricula. Mulberry fungus is cultivated artificially with mulberry branch powder as the main raw material. Therefore, the yield of cultivation can be increased by 10% to 20% by using them as raw materials.But to the best of our knowledge, studies on flavonoids and polysaccharides from Mulberry fungus have not been reported.Therefore, in this paper, mulberry fungus in Kunming, Yunnan Province was used as raw material to evaluate the Prebiotic properties and antioxidant activity of Mulberry fungus polysaccharides.The contents and conclusions are as follows:
- The effects of MFP on probiotics were evaluated. The results indicated that MFP has prebiotic properties on Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, it can effectively promote the growth and proliferation of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium adolescentis. But it has no promoting effect on Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, which could not grow in the medium with MFP as the sole carbon source. We speculate that Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus might be lack of an enzyme system that could hydrolyze MFP into small molecule sugars, which could be used by Lactobacillus.
- The in vitro antioxidant activities experiment showed that MFP had strong ABTS· , ·OH and DPPH· radical scavenging activities.The scavenging abilities of MFP on DPPH· radicals were increased with the prolonging of reaction time, but lower than that of Auricularia auricula.
Keywords:Mulberry fungus polysaccharide; Prebiotic properties; Antioxidant activity;
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第一章 文献综述 1
1.1 黑木耳概述 1
1.2 黑木耳多糖 2
1.3 黑木耳多糖生理功能的研究进展 3
1.3.1 益生活性 3
1.3.2 抗氧化活性 3
1.4 本文的研究目的、意义及主要内容 4
1.4.1 研究目的和意义 4
1.4.2 主要研究内容 5
第二章 桑木耳多糖益生活性和抗氧化活性评价 6
2.1 实验材料与仪器 6
2.1.1 菌种和培养基 6
2.1.2 实验试剂 8
2.1.3 实验仪器 8
2.2 实验方法 9
2.2.1 桑木耳多糖对双歧杆菌的益生活性 9
2.2.2 桑木耳多糖对乳杆菌的益生活性 10
2.2.3 桑木耳多糖体外抗氧化活性评价 10
2.3 结果与讨论 12
2.3.1 桑木耳多糖对双歧杆菌的益生活性评价 12
2.3.2 桑木耳多糖对乳杆菌的益生活性评价 13
2.3.3 桑木耳多糖的体外抗氧化活性 14
2.4 本章小结 16
参考文献 18
致 谢 22
第一章 文献综述
1.1 黑木耳概述
黑木耳(Auricularia auricula)在自然界分布比较广,但又主要集中生长在东亚地区,尤其是在我国的黑龙江、湖北、云南等地方。野生的黑木耳通常寄生在各种阔叶树的腐木上,随着现代栽培技术的进步,现在大多数采用段木和代料进行人工栽培,这种方法不仅能使得黑木耳的产量变高,而且可以提升黑木耳的质量。目前,我国黑木耳的年产量占全球产量的90%以上[1]。
黑木耳中含有丰富的营养物质,如多糖、蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸、纤维素以及多种微量元素等,具有很高的营养价值和多种生理功能[2-4]。现代医学研究结果表明,黑木耳是抗肿瘤中药成分的主要来源,有着防癌、抗癌等功效,还可用于治疗咽喉痛、眼炎、悬雍垂肿、扁桃体炎和支气管炎等疾病[5,6]。黑木耳与低剂量的阿司匹林具有相同的的抗血凝集效果,因此,长期食用黑木耳可有效预防血栓的形成,减少动脉粥样硬化等心脑血管疾病的发生概率[7-11],并具有促进胃肠蠕动、减肥和治疗便秘等作用,所以黑木耳又被誉为“人体清洁工”。除此以外,黑木耳还有天然补血、降低细胞毒性、减缓衰老等功效[12-14]。
桑木耳(Mulberry fungus),又称桑耳、桑黑耳、桑云耳,是黑木耳中的一种,通过用桑枝屑当作主要的基料并通过人工培种培育而成[15,16]。桑枝条中纤维素含量很高,而且桑枝条的韧皮部非常发达,可以给木耳输送更多的营养物质,因此,将桑枝条的韧皮部粉碎,用来制成菌棒培育木耳,产量会比用普通杂木屑培育的高10%到20%左右。此外,用桑枝屑培育的木耳,其性状也会发生变化,变为温性为主,(杂木屑栽培的木耳多为凉性),所以对于一些体寒的人来说,食用桑木耳效果会更好。
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