基于金属有机框架材料改性的氮化碳制备及光解水产氢性能研究毕业论文
2020-07-02 22:41:11
摘 要
- 氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶是一种重要的医药中间体,其传统合成方法有两种:一是三氯氧磷和巴比土酸反应生成三氯嘧啶,经氨化,分离,甲氧基化,得4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶。此法优点是原料易得,收率适中,同时也有副产物多、收率低、废水难以处理等问题,对环境危害较大。二是以氰乙酸乙酯、尿素、乙醇钠为原料,环合,酸化,氯化,甲氧基化制得4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶。该方法优点是原料廉价易得,收率适中;缺点是收率低,产生废水多,环保压力大。
针对以上问题,本实验以4-氨基-2,6-二羟基嘧啶和氢氧化钠为原料,反应制得4-氨基-2,6-二羟基嘧啶钠盐。然后以DMF为溶剂,以4-氨基-2,6-二羟基嘧啶钠盐为原料,加入固体碱K2CO3和相转移催化剂,搅拌,升温,滴加DMC,滴毕,保温环合10 h。反应后加入一定量的去离子水和甲醇,离心分离得到DMF相和固相、油,取DMF相用甲醇稀释至50倍,然后用HPLC检测目标产物4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶的含量。该方法的优点是原料廉价易得,具有安全经济、使用方便、无污染等特点,可避免含磷废水的产生。
关键词:4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶 甲基化 碳酸二甲酯
Study on New Synthesis of 4-Amino-2, 6-dimethoxypyrimidine
Abstract
4-amino-2,6-dimethoxypyrimidine is an important pharmaceutical intermediate. There are two traditional methods for its synthesis: one is the reaction of phosphorus oxychloride and barbituric acid to generate trichloropyrimidine, and ammoniation. Separated and methoxylated to give 4-amino-2,6-dimethoxypyrimidine. The advantage of this method is that the raw materials are easily available and the yield is moderate. However, there are many by-products, low yields, and waste water is difficult to handle, which is harmful to the environment. The second is based on ethyl cyanoacetate, urea, sodium ethoxide as raw materials, cyclization, acidification, chlorination, methoxylation to obtain 4-amino-2, 6-dimethoxypyrimidine. The advantages of this method are that the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and the yield is moderate; the disadvantages are low yield, waste water discharge, and environmental pressure.
In this experiment, 4-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine and sodium hydroxide were used as raw materials to produce 4-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidinium sodium salt. Using DMF as solvent and 4-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidinium sodium salt as raw materials, solid base K2CO3 and phase transfer catalyst were added, stirred, heated, DMC was added dropwise, and the reaction was continued for 10 h at constant temperature. After the reaction, a certain amount of deionized water and methanol were added, and the DMF phase and the solid phase were separated by centrifugation and the oil was taken. The DMF phase was diluted with methanol to 50 times, and then the target product 4-amino-2,6-dimethoxy was detected by HPLC. The content of pyrimidine. The advantages of this method are that the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, and they are safe, economical, easy to use, non-polluting, etc., and can avoid the production of phosphorus-containing wastewater.
Keywords: 4-Amino-2,6-dimethoxypyrimidine; Methylation; Dimethyl carbonate
目录
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第一章 文献综述 1
1.1课题背景 1
1.2 4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶的性质及应用 …………………….. 4
1.3长效磺胺药—2,6-二甲氧基-4-对氨基苯磺酰胺嘧啶简介 4
1.4 4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶的合成研究现状 5
1.5甲基化试剂的应用及选择 7
1.5.1 碳酸二甲酯 7
1.5.2 硫酸二甲酯 8
1.6相转移催化剂 9
1.7本文研究意义及内容 10
第二章 实验部分 12
2.1 实验试剂与仪器 12
2.1.1 实验试剂 12
2.1.2 主要仪器 12
2.2 4-氨基-2,6-二羟基嘧啶钠盐的合成研究 12
2.3 4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶的合成研究 13
2.3.1不同反应温度下的4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶的合成 13
2.3.2不同碳酸钾量下的4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶的合成 14
2.3.3不同相转移催化剂量下的4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶的合成 14
2.3.4不同碳酸二甲酯量下的4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶的合成 14
2.4 产物分析方法 15
2.4.1 4-氨基-2,6-二羟基嘧啶钠盐分析方法 15
2.4.2 4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶分析方法 16
第三章 实验结果与讨论 18
3.1 反应过程优化 18
3.2 反应温度对合成反应的影响 18
3.3 碳酸钾量对合成反应的影响 19
3.4 相转移催化剂量对合成反应的影响 20
3.5 碳酸二甲酯量对合成反应的影响 21
3.6 红外图谱分析 22
第四章 结论与展望 23
4.1 结论 23
4.2展望 23
参考文献 24
致谢 27
- 文献综述
1.1课题背景
4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基嘧啶(4-Amino-2,6-dimethoxypyrimidine)是一种重要的医药中间体,分子式C6H9N3O2,可用于合成长效磺胺药2,6-二甲氧基-4-对氨基苯磺酰胺嘧啶,其又称为磺胺二甲氧嗪(SDM),分子式C12H14N4O4S,这种药物毒性低,可治疗尿道和上呼吸道感染,不仅刺激小而且于血液中浓度保持长久,因此可大幅度减少给药次数和剂量[1]。
目前,有数万种合成磺胺类药物和几十种临床使用的药物。根据它们在肠道中的吸收情况及其临床用途,可分为肠道易感染性磺胺类药物、肠道不吸收磺胺类药物和外用类药物。肠易吸收剂用于预防和治疗全身性感染;不易被肠吸收剂主要用于肠道感染;外用类药物剧毒,通常不能口服[2]。
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