摘 要

近年来，随着我国发展步伐的不断加快，我国经济进入一个高速发展的时代，工业化进程大大加快，但遗憾的是这是以牺牲环境为代价换取的。近年来，雾霾、沙尘暴频频发生，究其原因是空气当中粒径在2.5毫米以下的可入肺颗粒物（PM2.5）含量过高,这些可入肺的颗粒物能够长时间漂浮于空气当中，同时由于这些颗粒物的主要产生地为燃煤电厂，其中含有大量重金属物质，人体大量吸入，会对人体神经系统、呼吸道系统尤其是肺部产生重大危害。多孔陶瓷作为一种气固分离技术的应用，在当今的社会中已经应用于烟气的过滤除尘处理环节当中，但无法有效除去烟气当中的NO_X。本文为了改进多孔陶瓷过滤技术，通过在多孔陶瓷上负载催化剂，在不大幅度提高多孔陶瓷过滤阻力的条件下，以提高其在脱硝方面的效率为目标，做了一系列实验并得出结论。

本次实验过程当中主要的研究内容包括：1.多孔陶瓷制备工艺；2.测试了先负载锐钛矿型TiO₂再负载V₂O₅催化剂和直接负载V₂O₅催化剂对脱硝效率的影响，最终确定先负载锐钛矿型TiO₂再负载V₂O₅催化剂；3测试多孔陶瓷的过滤阻力；4.测试了两个多孔陶瓷的循环再生性能，分析了它与催化剂负载量之间的关系，最终得出催化剂含量越高多孔陶瓷循环再生性能越差。

关键词：多孔陶瓷 脱硝除尘 循环再生 气固分离

Study on preparation and properties of denitrification and dust removal integrated ceramics

Abstract

In recent years, with the accelerating the pace of development in our country, the economy of our country has entered a rapid development era, greatly speed up the process of industrialization, but unfortunately it is at the cost of environment. Fog haze, dust storm occurred frequently in recent years, the reason is the air of particle size under 2.5 mm which can go directly to the alveoli (PM2.5) content is too high, these can be into the lung particles floating in the air for a long time, at the same time as a result of these particles to produce coal-fired power plant, which contains a lot of heavy metal material, inhaled into human body, can the human nervous system, respiratory system, especially the lungs produce serious harm. As an application of gas-solid separation technology, porous ceramics have been applied to the filtration and dust removal of flue gas in today's society, but NO_X in flue gas cannot be effectively removed. In this paper, in order to improve the porous ceramic filtering technology, through the load on the porous ceramic catalyst, without porous ceramic filtration resistance increased significantly under the condition of, to improve its in denitration efficiency as the goal, made a series of experiments and draw conclusions.

The main research contents in this experiment include: 1. Preparation process of porous ceramics; 2. Testing of the effect of first loaded anatase TiO₂ loaded V₂O₅ catalyst and direct loaded V₂O₅ catalyst on the denitrification efficiency, and finally determining the first load of anatase. The mineral type TiO2 is further loaded with a V₂O₅ catalyst; 3 the filtration resistance of the porous ceramics is tested; 4. The cycle regeneration performance of the two porous ceramics is tested, and the relationship between it and the catalyst loading is analyzed, and finally, the higher the catalyst content is, the more porous ceramics are. The worse the cycle regeneration performance.

KeyWords: Porous ceramics；denitration and dust removal；recycling；gas-solid separation

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 国内外研究进展 2

1.1.1 国内大气污染情况 2

1.1.2 现代烟气脱硝技术 3

1.2 选择性催化还原（SCR）技术的发展与应用 4

1.3 选择性催化还原法脱硝反应 5

1.4 影响选择性催化还原技术应用的因素 6

1.5 脱硝除尘材料的研究进展 7

第二章 原材料与实验方法 9

2.1 实验原料 9

2.2 主要实验设备 9

2.3 材料制备工艺 10

2.4 材料测试与表征方法 11

2.4.1 脱硝效率 11

2.4.2 过滤阻力 12

2.4.3 循环再生性能 12

第三章 实验结果与分析 14

3.1 催化剂负载量对氧化铝多孔陶瓷过滤阻力的影响 14

3.2 催化剂负载量对多孔陶瓷脱硝效率的影响 15

第四章 结论与展望 18

4.1 结论 18

4.2 展望 18

参考文献 19

致 谢 22

第一章 绪论

近年来，随着我国发展步伐的不断加快，我国的政治、经济、文化的发展速度不断加快，这不但使我国进入一个物质文化水平高速发展的时代，同时也大大加快了我国的工业化进程，人民的精神物质生活水平得到了极大的提升。令人感到遗憾的是在这些成就的背后却是以牺牲环境为代价来换取的。

当今人类社会发展所面临的一大问题就是环境与发展之间的关系问题，当中以煤炭、石油、油页岩、天然气、可燃冰为首的矿石燃料燃烧所引起的温室效应、酸雨、空气污染和向大气排放有毒物质等问题已经成为制约当今社会、经济继续以高速向前发展的重要制约因素。如何减少工业生产中所排放废气中所含有的大量NO_X、SO₂等有害气体和大量的粉尘，成了我们急需解决的问题。