摘 要

船-桥碰撞事故是指船舶撞击桥梁导致桥梁和船舶受损的事故。事故的发生会导致航道堵塞，陆上交通被中断，甚至威胁到陆上通行和海上航行人员双方的生命安全，同时带来极大的经济损失。因而，需要对桥墩防船撞装置进行研究。

针对桥梁防船撞装置的研究，本文的具体内容分为以下几个部分：

1、对历史上对于防船撞装置的分类方法进行了总结和归纳；阐述了防船撞装置的研究方法的发展现状，介绍了一些典型的研究方法，并列举各种研究方法在实际研究工作中的应用；列举了各种防船撞装置，并介绍其优缺点及应用情况。

2、本文根据《钢质内河船舶建造规范2009》初步确定了钢套箱的尺寸，并对其进行压载水的分配，同时利用“坦谷波”对其进行强度校核。

3、本文应用ANSYS-LS DYNA 软件建立套箱模型及撞船的模型，对套箱设置约束后模拟船撞钢套箱的过程并得出相应的结果。通过改变不同的因素并研究撞击结果，我们得出部分影响套箱防撞水平的因素：船舶撞击桥墩的初始速度越大，套箱受损程度越高；船舶撞击套箱的位置偏向套箱侧面时可能出现“侧滑”现象，从而减轻对防撞装置的损伤；套箱的钢板厚度越大，套箱的吸能效果提高越明显。

4、通过综合考量钢套箱的强度要求和防撞效果，确定钢套箱的结构和尺寸，完成防船撞装置的结构设计和强度计算。

针对以上四个部分，本文分为四章：第一章阐释本文研究的背景及意义，国内外在防撞装置分类、研究方法和防撞装置种类方面的现状；第二章根据相关规范确定钢套箱的尺寸并进行强度校核；第三章运用有限元软件模拟碰撞过程，并通过设置一些变量来探讨影响钢套箱吸能效果的因素并且综合考虑第二、三章的内容对钢套箱进行结构优化；第四章对全文进行总结，并对未来的研究提出展望。

关键词： 船-桥碰撞；防撞装置；结构设计；强度计算；有限元仿真

Abstract

The ship-bridge collision accident refers to the accident that the ship hits the bridge and causes the bridge and the ship to be damaged. The occurrence of the accident will lead to the blockage of the waterway, the traffic on the ground has been interrupted, and even threaten the life safety of both passengers on the land and sea, and at the same time, it will cause great economic losses.Therefore, it is necessary to study the anti-collision device of pier.

Aiming at the research of anti-collision device, the specific content of this paper is divided into the following parts:

1. On the history of the classification method of ship collision protection device is summarized; describes the development status of research methods of ship collision protection device, introduces some typical research methods, and application of various research methods in the actual research work; lists the various anti collision device, and introduces its advantages and disadvantages and the application .
2. In this paper, according to lt;The Specification for Construction of Steel Inland River Vessel 2009gt;, the dimension of steel boxed cofferdam is preliminarily determined, and the distribution of ballast water is carried out. Meanwhile, the strength of the steel box is checked by means of "Tan Gu wave".
3. In this paper, ANSYS-LS DYNA software is used to establish the model of a suit of box and the model of ship. After the restraint of the box is set, the process of simulating the collision of the steel boxed cofferdam by the ship and the corresponding results are obtained. By changing the different factors and study the impact results, we draw the influence factors set box anti-collision level: the initial velocity of ship pier collision is greater, the higher casing damage degree; the ship impacting the box on it’s side bias may cause "side-slip" phenomenon , thereby reducing the anti-collision device damage plate; the thickness of casing is bigger, the suction effect more obvious
4. Through the comprehensive consideration of the steel box strength requirements and anti-collision effect, the structure and size of the steel boxed cofferdam are determined, and the structural design and strength calculation of the anti ship collision device are completed.

In view of the above four parts, this paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter explains the background and significance of this study, the current situation of domestic and international classification, anti-collision device research methods and types of anti-collision device; the second chapter according to the relevant rules to determine the steel box size and strength; the third chapter uses the finite element software to simulate the collision process and by setting some variables to investigate the influence of steel box absorbing energy. Whatmore, the third chapter consider the content of the second, third chapter to optimize the structure of the steel box; the fourth chapter summarizes the full text, and put forward the prospects for future research.

Keywords: Ship-bridge collision;Anti-collision device;Structural design;Strength calculation; Finite element simulation

目录

摘要 3

Abstract 4

第1章 绪论 3

1.1 本文研究的背景和意义 3

1.2 国内外研究现状概述 5

1.2.1桥墩防撞装置分类现状 5

1.2.2国内外船-桥碰撞问题研究方法现状 5

1.2.3桥墩防撞装置现状 7

1.3 本文的主要研究内容和方法 8

第2章 钢套箱尺寸确定与强度校核 9

2.1 前言 9

2.2 一般规定 9

2.3 底板 10

2.4 舷侧外板 10

2.5 强力甲板 10

2.6 船底骨架 11

2.6.1实肋板 11

2.6.2底肋骨 11

2.7 舷侧骨架 11

2.7.1普通肋骨 12

2.7.2强肋骨 12

2.8 套箱构件尺寸表 12

2.9 钢套箱重量重心计算 13

2.10 压载水布置 13

2.11 规范校核 14

2.12 波浪校核 14

2.11.1重量分布曲线 14

2.11.2波峰位于船中 15

2.11.3波谷位于船中 18

2.13 本章小结 19

第3章 船舶-钢套箱碰撞有限元仿真分析 20

3.1前言 20

3.2模型的建立 20

3.2.1船模的建立 20

3.2.2套箱模型的建立 20

3.2.3整体模型及工况设置 22

3.3结果及分析 23

3.3.1工况一（a、b、c） 23

3.3.2工况二 27

3.3.3工况三 33

3.4本章小结 36

第4章 结论与展望 38

4.1本文总结及结论 38

4.2对未来工作的展望 38

致谢 40

参考文献 41

绪论

本文研究的背景和意义

在世界经济蓬勃发展，科学技术持续进步的背景下，作为重要的陆路交通线，桥梁的设计建造水平也在不断提高。如今我国大量兴建基础设施，桥梁正在朝着外观大型化、美观化，数目上不断增长的目标发展。与此同时，航运业和造船业也在世界各地蓬勃发展。国内外设计建造的船舶越来越大型化、快速化。

桥梁伸入水中的桥墩与船舶航线之间的矛盾导致船-桥碰撞事故在世界范围内屡有发生。船-桥碰撞事故是指船舶撞击桥梁导致桥梁和船舶受损的事故，这些事故中集中发生于船与桥墩之间的碰撞。事故的发生会带来航道堵塞，陆上交通被中断，甚至威胁到陆上通行和海上航行人员双方的生命安全的后果，同时导致极大的经济损失。导致桥梁受损甚至坍塌的主要原因之一就是船-桥碰撞事故。虽然目前我国建造的桥梁都满足通航净空的要求，但由于船舶航行过程中遇到的种种不确定性情况，船-桥碰撞事故仍不可避免，因而，需要对桥墩防船撞装置进行研究。