论文总字数：22636字

摘 要

热交换器的应用十分广泛，尤其是在化工、石化、食品等行业。本课题设计的换热器相较于其它类型的换热器具有结构简便、生产成本低、结构布局紧凑等特点。

此次设计主要参考GB/T 150和GB/T 151等标准进行设计，本次设计的内容比较简单，但是属于假设类计算，需要重复进行多次的计算才能达到计算要求。设计的内容主要分为三大部分，即传热计算、结构设计和制图。根据多次的相关课程设计的经验，需要查询物料的特性参数之后假设传热系数估算换热面积，计算出换热器相关参数，并且算出实际传热面积与原始假设值进行比较，要求比值在1.15-1.20范围内即为合格，否则重新假设传热系数。合格后计算阻力损失以及壁温，达到标准条件为合格。结构设计和校核计算根据计算结果参照标准选择工艺设备的组成零部件，进行材料的选择、条件的确定、规格的选取进行设计。包括换热器的基本组成部件，如筒体、封头、管箱、法兰、鞍座等结构的设计及选取，还包括开孔补强、计算拉脱力等问题。经液压试验、压力校核后，与设计结构一致后，确定折流板、换热管、法兰、垫片、支架规格和数目。最后应用CAD软件进行绘图设计，图纸包含装配图以及其余部分零件图。

通过换热器的设计让我巩固了专业知识，以及对今后的工作、学习有着巨大的帮助。

关键词：换热器、GB150-2011、GB151-2014、强度校核

Abstract

Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger is a more common type in many kinds of heat exchangers. which is widely used. Especially in chemical, petrochemical, food and other industries, the heat exchanger designed by this project has the advantages of simple structure, convenient processing, low cost and compact structure compared with other types of heat exchangers.

It is mainly designed according to the GB150-2011 steel pressure vessel and GB151-2014 shell and tube heat exchangers. The design contents mainly include: heat transfer process calculation, structural design calculation and intensity checking, CAD mapping. The heat transfer process calculation part calculates the average temperature difference according to the relevant physical parameters of raw data and calculates the average temperature difference. Preliminary heat transfer calculation is conducted, assuming that the heat transfer coefficient is estimated to be the product of heat transfer surface. The number of heat transfer pipes is calculated According to the heat transfer coefficient. The specifications and required parameters of the heat exchanger are calculated, and the actual heat transfer area is calculated and compared with the original assumed value. The ratio between the actual heat transfer area and the estimated heat transfer area is qualified in the range of 1.15-1.20, otherwise the heat transfer coefficient is assumed again. After calculating the resistance loss and wall temperature, the heat transfer coefficient is calculated. According to the results of the calculation, the components of the process equipment are selected according to the results of the calculation. The design and selection of materials, including the selection of the material, the determination of the conditions and the selection of the specifications, including the design and selection of the cylinder, heat, pipe box, flange, saddle and so on, are also discussed. Determine the specifications and number of baffles, heat exchanger, flanges, gaskets, supports, and finally use CAD software for drawing design. The drawings contain assembly drawings and the rest part drawings.

Through the design of heat exchanger, I have consolidated my professional knowledge, as well as great help for my future work and study.

Key words: heat exchanger, GB150-2014, GB151-2014, strength check

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 概述 1

1.1固定管板式换热器的研究目的与意义 1

1.2换热器的应用 3

1.3固定管板式换热器的研究趋势 4

第二章 传热工艺计算 7

2.1传热介质的物性参数 7

2.1.1根据平均温度查出管程和壳程流体的特性参数 8

2.1.2计算传热温差 8

2.1.3初步选择换热管型号 9

2.2传热计算 11

2.2.1管内的过热蒸汽给热系数的计算 11

2.2.2管外的冷却水给热系数计算 12

2.3阻力计算 13

2.3.1管内阻力 13

2.3.2管间阻力损失 14

2.3.3管程的壁温计算 15

2.3.4壳体的壁温计算 15

第三章 结构设计 16

3.1壳体，管箱和封头的设计 16

3.1.1壳体壁厚计算 16

3.1.2管箱壁厚的设计 17

3.1.3封头厚度设计 18

3.2管板 20

3.3折流板 21

3.4拉杆和定距管 22

3.5热管与接管 23

3.5.1换热管 23

3.5.2排气、排液口 24

3.6法兰的选型 25

3.6.1容器法兰的选择 25

3.6.2管程、壳程接管法兰的选择 25

3.6.3排气、排液接管法兰 26

3.6.4法兰紧固件 27

3.7垫片 28

3.7.1容器法兰用非金属软垫片 28

3.7.2管程，壳程接管所用垫片 28

3.8支座 29

第四章 应力分析计算 32

4.1 换热器所受的应力 32

4.2 温差应力 33

4.3 拉脱力 34

第五章 经济性估算与评价 35

5.1经济性公式的建立 35

5.2材料的经济性选用 37

5.3运行公况的经济性 38

总结 39

参考文献 40

附录 42

致谢 53

第一章 概述

1.1固定管板式换热器的研究目的与意义

换热器是化工、石化等方面需要大量使用的换热设备。它的主要作用是实现不同温度介质间进行热量的交换，如某些介质必须要在特殊的温度或者条件下才能发生化学反应，化工厂中离不开化学反应，大批量的介质需要达到特定的温度换热设备则发挥着很重要的作用。在这次设计过程中需要查阅大量的文献，并且需要复习大学专业课程的内容来进一步的为设计做准备，如图1-1所示。

请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：22636字