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改性聚偏氟乙烯基复合材料的制备及储能性能研究毕业论文

 2020-04-12 08:44:32  

摘 要

近年来,随着电子电力系统的快速发展,对聚合物基薄膜电介质储能材料的性能要求也越来越高。为了得到高介电常数、低介电损耗、高击穿场强的复合材料,本文选用聚合物中介电性能较好的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)作基体,引入了击穿场强大(gt;1.1 GV/m)、储能密度高(gt;24 J/cm3)的芳香族聚硫脲(ArPTU),并在此基础上加入高介电常数的填料钛酸钡(BaTiO3,BT),系统研究ArPTU、BT的加入对复合薄膜材料结构和性能的影响。

采用微波辅助合成法成功制备了芳香族聚硫脲(ArPTU),并通过溶液共混法、溶液流延法和热压法制备了PVDF/ArPTU复合材料。与纯PVDF相比,PVDF/ArPTU复合材料的介电常数增大、介电损耗降低、击穿场强增大、储能密度提高,PVDF/ArPTU复合膜在90/10的比例下介电常数最大(1000 Hz时为8.43),介电损耗最低(1000 Hz时为0.2118)。

在成功制备了PVDF/ArPTU混合体系的基础上,引入高介电常数的BT,通过溶液流延法和热压法制备了PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜。BT的加入在提高复合材料的介电常数的同时伴随着介电损耗的增加,并且在BT含量太高时,复合材料的击穿场强和储能密度会也下降。

用多巴胺(dopamine)对BT进行表面修饰,得到多巴胺包覆的BT(Dopa@BT),通过溶液共混法制备了PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜。多巴胺包覆在BT表面后,极大地改善了填料与基体之间的界面相容性,使其介电常数增大、介电损耗降低、击穿场强和储能密度也有了很大提升。

关键词:PVDF;ArPTU;BaTiO3;复合材料;储能

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of electronic power systems, the performance requirements for polymer-based thin film dielectric energy storage materials have become higher and higher. In order to obtain composite materials with high dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and high breakdown field strength, this paper selects PVDF substrates with good dielectric properties in polymers and introduces aromatic polythiourea (ArPTU) which has a strong breakdown field (gt;1.1 GV/m) and high energy density (gt;24 J/cm3). And based on this, high-dielectric filler barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) is added to improve the dielectric properties of the composites.

Aromatic polythiourea (ArPTU) was successfully prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis, and PVDF/ArPTU composites were prepared by solution blending, solution casting and hot pressing. Compared with pure PVDF, the PVDF/ArPTU composites material has higher dielectric constant, lower dielectric loss, higher breakdown field strength and higher energy storage density. At 1000 Hz, the maximum dielectric constant of the PVDF/ArPTU composite film is 8.43 and the lowest dielectric loss is 0.2118.

On the basis of successfully preparing the PVDF/ArPTU mixed system, the high dielectric constant BT was introduced. PVDF/ArPTU/BT composite membrane was prepared by solution casting method and hot pressing method. The addition of BT increases the dielectric constant of the composite while accompanied by an increase in the dielectric loss, and when the BT content is too high, the breakdown field strength and the energy storage density of the composite material will also decrease.

Dopamine (Dopamine) was used to modify the surface of BT to obtain dopamine-coated BT (Dopa@BT). PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT composite membrane was prepared by solution blending method. The dopamine coating on the BT surface greatly improved the interfacial compatibility between the filler and the matrix, resulting in the increase of dielectric constant and the decrease of dielectric loss. The breakdown field strength and the energy storage density have also been greatly improved.

Key Words: PVDF; ArPTU; BaTiO3; composite materials; energy storage

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 聚合物基复合介电材料 1

1.3 聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)简介 2

1.4 芳香族聚硫脲(ArPTU)简介 3

1.5 钛酸钡(BaTiO3)简介 3

1.6 制备工艺 4

1.7 本课题研究的主要内容 5

第二章 芳香族聚硫脲(ArPTU)的合成与表征 6

2.1引言 6

2.2实验试剂及仪器 6

2.2.1实验试剂 6

2.2.2实验仪器 6

2.3 ArPTU的合成步骤 7

2.4 ArPTU的表征 7

2.4.1 傅里叶红外光谱图(FT-IR)分析 8

2.4.2 核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)分析 8

2.5 小结 9

第三章 PVDF/ArPTU复合膜的制备与表征 10

3.1 引言 10

3.2 实验部分 10

3.2.1实验试剂及仪器 10

3.2.1.1实验试剂 10

3.2.1.2实验仪器 10

3.2.2 实验步骤 11

3.2.3测试与表征 11

3.3 结果与讨论 12

3.3.1 PVDF/ArPTU复合膜的结构分析 12

3.3.1.1 PVDF/ArPTU复合膜的微观形貌 12

3.3.1.2 PVDF/ArPTU复合膜的FT-IR分析 12

3.3.1.3 PVDF/ArPTU复合膜的XRD分析 13

3.3.2 PVDF/ArPTU复合膜的性能分析 15

3.3.2.1 PVDF/ArPTU复合膜的介电常数 15

3.3.2.2 PVDF/ArPTU复合膜的介电损耗 16

3.3.2.3 PVDF/ArPTU复合膜的击穿场强与储能密度 17

3.4 小结 18

第四章 PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜的制备与表征 20

4.1 引言 20

4.2 实验部分 20

4.2.1实验试剂及仪器 20

4.2.1.1实验试剂 20

4.2.1.2实验仪器 20

4.2.2 实验步骤 21

4.2.2.1 PVDF/ArPTU混合溶液的制备 21

4.2.2.2 PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜的制备 21

4.2.3 测试与表征 21

4.3 结果与讨论 21

4.3.1 PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜的结构分析 21

4.3.1.1 PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜的微观形貌 21

4.3.1.2 PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜的FT-IR分析 22

4.3.1.3 PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜的XRD分析 22

4.3.2 PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜的性能分析 23

4.3.2.1 PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜的介电常数 23

4.3.2.2 PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜的介电损耗 24

4.3.2.3 PVDF/ArPTU/BT复合膜的击穿场强与储能密度 25

4.4 小结 26

第五章 PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜的制备与表征 27

5.1 引言 27

5.2 实验部分 28

5.2.1实验试剂及仪器 28

5.2.1.1实验试剂 28

5.2.1.2实验仪器 28

5.2.2 实验步骤 28

5.2.2.1 Dopa@BT的制备 28

5.2.2.2 PVDF/ArPTU混合溶液的制备 29

5.2.2.3 PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜的制备 29

5.2.3 测试与表征 29

5.3 结果与讨论 29

5.3.1 PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜的结构 29

5.3.1.1 PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜的微观形貌 29

5.3.1.2 PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜的FT-IR分析 30

5.3.1.3 PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜的XRD分析 31

5.3.2 PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜的性能 32

5.3.2.1 PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜的介电常数 32

5.3.2.2 PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜的介电损耗 33

5.3.2.3 PVDF/ArPTU/Dopa@BT复合膜的击穿电压与储能密度 34

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