摘 要

轻型卡车驾驶室作为驾驶员工作和休息的主要位置，是轻型卡车的重要组成部位之一，由于其舒适性与安全性极大地影响着驾驶员的驾驶状况和人身安全，因此提高驾驶室的舒适性与安全性是如今轻型卡车发展的重要趋势之一。本文主要是对某轻型卡车驾驶室有限元模型进行研究和分析，并对其驾驶室白车身进行试验分析，为后续的驾驶室的优化设计提供可靠的驾驶室有限元模型与相关模态参数，对轻型卡车的相关结构性研究具有一定的参考意义。

首先，本文介绍了进行驾驶室模态分析和试验的目的及意义，并就模态分析这种分析方法在国内外的发展现状进行了简单的介绍，最后说明了本文主要的研究方法和研究路线。

之后，本文在有限元分析法的理论基础上，将驾驶室的三维模型导入到Hypermesh中，使用Hypermesh软件对其进行几何处理、网格划分和模态参数的求解，获得驾驶室的有限元模型以及相关的模态参数和低阶振型图。

最后，本文对该型轻型卡车驾驶室的白车身进行模态试验，通过模态试验获得驾驶室白车身的模态参数以及低阶振型图，将其与前文的驾驶室模型的模态分析数据与振型进行对比分析，验证驾驶室模型的可靠性，并为以后的驾驶室结构性的改进提供可靠的有限元模型与模态参数。

研究结果表明，经Hypermesh软件处理后的轻型卡车驾驶室的有限元模型是比较准确的，这个模型可以被用于进行该轻型卡车驾驶室的后续计算研究。根据模态分析获得的数据可知，该驾驶室的主要低阶振型均避开了路面的主要激励频率，在结构上有效地避免了共振问题，驾驶室的舒适性和安全性都良好。模态试验的结果也进一步验证了模态分析的结果，并在实验室获得驾驶室的前二十阶振型和固有频率，为以后的驾驶室的结构改善提供了依据。

本文的特色：主要从计算机计算和实际试验两方面出发，同时对驾驶室模型进行处理和分析，并将最后的结果相佐证，使结果更加准确，模型也更贴近真实的情况。

关键词：驾驶室白车身；有限元分析；Hypermesh；模态试验；低阶振型

Abstract

The light truck cab serves as the main position for the driver to work and rest. It is one of the important parts of the light truck. Because of its comfort and safety, it greatly affects the driver’s driving conditions and personal safety, thus improving the comfort of the cab. Sex and safety is one of the important trends in the development of light trucks today. This paper mainly studies and analyzes the finite element model of a light truck cab, and tests and analyzes the white body of the cab, providing a reliable cab finite element model and related modal parameters for the subsequent cab design optimization. The relevant structural research on light trucks has certain reference significance.

Firstly, this paper introduces the purpose and significance of the modal analysis and test of the cab, and briefly introduces the development status of modal analysis at home and abroad. Finally, the main research methods and research routes of this paper are explained. .

Afterwards, based on the theory of finite element analysis, the three-dimensional model of the cab was imported into Hypermesh. Hypermesh software was used to solve the geometry, mesh and modal parameters, and the finite element model of the cab was obtained. And related modal parameters and low-order vibration pattern.

At last, this paper conducts modal test on the white body of the light truck cab, obtains modal parameters and low-order vibration pattern of cab white body through modal test, and modifies it with the previous cab model. The data is compared with the vibration mode to verify the reliability of the cab model and to provide a reliable finite element model and modal parameters for the structural improvement of the cab.

The results of the research show that the finite element model of the light truck cab handled by Hypermesh software is more accurate. This model can be used for the subsequent calculation of the light truck cab. According to the data obtained from the modal analysis, it can be seen that the main low-order vibration mode of the cab avoids the main excitation frequency of the road surface, and the resonance problem is effectively avoided in the structure, and the comfort and safety of the cab are all good. The results of the modal test also further validated the results of the modal analysis, and obtained the first 20 vibration modes and natural frequencies of the cab in the laboratory, which provided the basis for the improvement of the cab structure in the future.

The characteristics of this article: mainly from the two aspects of computer computing and actual testing, at the same time the cab model is processed and analyzed, and the final results are supported, so that the results are more accurate, the model is closer to the real situation.

Key Words: Cab white body；finite element analysis；Hypermesh；modal test；low-order vibration mode

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 研究目的及意义 1

1.3 模态分析技术国内外发展现状 2

1.3.1 模态分析技术国外研究现状 2

1.3.2 模态分析技术国内研究现状 2

1.4 本文主要研究内容 4

第2章 轻型卡车驾驶室有限元模型的建立 6

2.1 有限元模态分析思想 6

2.1.1 有限元分析步骤 6

2.1.2 位移函数的收敛准则 7

2.2 轻型卡车驾驶室的建模 7

2.2.1 Hypermesh软件简介 7

2.2.2 驾驶室有限元模型的建立 8

2.3 本章小结 12

第3章 轻型卡车驾驶室有限元模态分析 13

3.1 有限元模型分析的目的 13

3.2有限元模态分析理论 13

3.3 模态分析技术的应用领域及结果评价 14

3.4 轻型卡车驾驶室模态计算以及结果 16

3.4.1 轻型卡车驾驶室模态计算的边界条件 16

3.4.2 驾驶室模态的求解方法 16

3.4.3 轻型卡车驾驶室模态分析的结果 17

3.5 本章小结 17

第4章 轻型卡车驾驶室模态试验 18

4.1 模态试验 18

4.1.1 LMS.Test.Lab软件基本介绍 18

4.1.2 模态试验的目的及意义 18

4.1.3 模态试验所用设备 18

4.1.4 模态试验的方法 18

4.1.5 模态试验的过程 19

4.2 模态试验结果 20

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