摘 要

二十世纪七十年代改革开放以来，由于我国城镇化与工业化的取得飞跃式的发展，科学技术在不断的进步，使得从农业生产中释放出来的剩余劳动力数量极其庞大，这些劳动力绝大部分都是向着城镇转移。虽然我国的城镇化建设不断地取得振奋人心的成就，城镇的经济实力迅速发展，但是现今城镇的劳动力市场还没有足够的能力去接纳数量这般庞大的劳动力，这样就导致我国农村的剩余劳动力越来越多，大量农村剩余劳动力的堆积，势必会影响我国的经济发展，农村剩余劳动力在转移的过程中，也会给我国的劳动力市场带来极大的冲击，并且会涌现出很多方面的问题。

本文对农村剩余劳动力转移进行了简要的阐述，对我国农村剩余劳动力转移的现状，以及如何更有效的转移农村剩余劳动力进行了整合分析。研究分析表明，实现农村剩余劳动力的完全转移需要政府的调控、劳动力市场的规范化发展和农村劳动力文化程度的提高三方面入手。

关键词：农村剩余劳动力转移；城镇化；劳动力市场

Abstract

Since the reform and open to the outside world in the 1970s, science and technology have been making continuous progress due to the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China，the amount of labors which are released from agricultural production is very large.Although our country's urbanization construction made gratifying achievements constantly and the town's economy developed rapidly, but now the labor market can not accept such large number of labor,so there are more and more China's rural surplus labors, the accumulation of a large number of rural surplus labor force , must affect the economic development of our country, the rural surplus labor force in the process of transferring, can bring great impact to our country's labor market, and there will be a lot of problems.

This paper expound the transfer of rural surplus labor force briefly,and integrate and analyze the situation of the transfer of rural surplus labor in China, and how to transfer the surplus labor force in rural areas. The study shows that how to complete transfer of rural surplus labor we can begin with the following steps: the government regulation, the standardized development of the labor market and the improvement of the education level of the rural labor force.

Key Words：The transfer of rural surplus labor; Urbanization; Labour market

目 录

第1章 绪论…..............................................................................................................1

• 1. 论文研究背景及意义......................................................................................1

1.1.1 研究背景..............................................................................................1

1.1.2 研究意义..............................................................................................1

• 1. 国内外相关文献综述......................................................................................1
  2. 研究思路和研究方法......................................................................................2

第2章 中国农村剩余劳动力概述...............................................................................3

2.1 中国农村剩余劳动力的成因.........................................................................3

2.1.1 人口因素..............................................................................................3

2.1.2 历史因素..............................................................................................3

2.1.3 经济因素..............................................................................................3

2.1.4 科技因素..............................................................................................4

2.2 中国农村剩余劳动力转移的特点.................................................................4

2.2.1 我国劳动力转移的主力军是青壮年..................................................4

2.2.2 转移的劳动力较在家务农的劳动力有相对高的文化水平..............4

2.2.3 很多转移劳动力具有兼业的情况......................................................5

2.2.4 剩余劳动力的转移具有不平衡性......................................................5

2.2.5 剩余劳动力转移具有盲目性..............................................................5

第3章 中国农村剩余劳动力转移现状.......................................................................7

3.1 农村劳动力数量众多，受教育水平普遍偏低.....................................7

3.2 劳动力市场信息不对称，就业不稳定...................................................8

3.3 劳动力转移就业普遍待遇偏低，社会保障不够...................................8

3.4 剩余劳动力就地转移成效不显著.........................................................9

第4章 我国应对农村剩余劳动力转移问题的对策.................................................10

4.1 更有效的就地转移农村剩余劳动力...........................................................10

4.1.1 深化改革，加快农村现代化建设....................................................10

4.1.2 支持和鼓励农民就业创业，拓宽增收渠道.....................................10

4.1.3 将互联网与农业相结合....................................................................10

4.1.4 加快乡村交通设施建设....................................................................11

4.1.5推动农村优势产业发展.....................................................................11