摘 要

就目前来看，预热空气的空预器发展越来越快并在各行业得到广泛应用，而预热煤气的煤预器则由于煤气自身这种介质的独特性，在预热方面上存在一定的不足和限制性，因此热媒式煤预器的研究和设计成为当务之急。

目前能源的需求随着社会的发展在不断的上涨。钢铁行业是我国的基础工业，高炉热风炉广泛应用在钢铁、冶金行业及多个行业，炼铁行业中的高炉的主要设备之一就是高炉热风炉，一般情况下一座高炉配三至四座热风炉，而热风炉的作用是为高炉持续不断的提供1000度以上的高温热风。而由于能源的高能耗，高污染的特点，高炉热风炉在工作过程释放大量的烟气和废气并造成一定的热损失，因此具有巨大的回收潜力。本课题所做的高炉热风炉热媒式煤预器对高炉热风炉产生的烟气进行烟气余热回收，是一种高效可靠的节能设备。

在设计过程中，采用导热油为热媒的取热方式导热油，作为纯液态热媒体，可以在低压力状态进行，工作运行稳定。因T66具有性能稳定，单向特性、温度可调节范围较大、工作压力低的特点，所以采用T66作为导热油。换热管材料采用20号钢，低中压无缝钢管，价格成本低廉，无需要某些贵金属材料。在高炉热风炉热媒式煤预器对烟气余热回收过程中，采用导热油为热煤体的间接取热、放热方式，即低温导热油在循环油泵的作用下。经过管路流经烟气余热回收设备，从余热回收装置中吸收大量热量变为高温导热油。高温导热油再经管路流动，将热媒式煤预器中的煤气进行加热，使其煤气温度升高，同时高温导热油温度降低变为低温导热油，再经管道流回循环油泵，再取热——放热，如此循环往复，使得烟气余热得到高效的回收。

本课题通过对整个高炉热风炉热媒式煤预器设备进行满足强度方面、压力方面、现场空间方面以及工艺方面要求的热力计算，从而设计出热媒式煤预器总施工图以及各主要部件的施工图，在热力计算过程中，换热管的材料、尺寸、数量、换热管进出口方式以及排列方式要根据课题的需要进行选择，从而进行结构计算，看是否满足课题规定的压力降要求和尺寸强度要求。最后，本课题对整个热媒式煤预器进行主要设备的施工图设计，包括整体系统图及主要各个零件图。

关键词： 高炉热风炉 热媒式 煤预器 烟气余热回收

Design of Hot Coal Preheater for 2500m Hot Blast Furnace

Abstract

At present, the development of preheated air air preheater had more and more rapid and widely used in various industries, and preheated gas coal preheater had some shortcomings and limitations in preheating due to the unique nature of gas itself, so the research and design of heat medium coal preheater has become a top priority

The current demand for energy is constantly rising with the development of society. The steel industry is the basic industry in China. The blast furnace hot blast stove is widely used in steel, metallurgical industry and many industries. Blast Furnace Hot Blast Furnace is widely used in iron and steel, metallurgical industry and many industries .Generally, a blast furnace was equipped with 3-4 hot stoves. The function of hot blast stove was to continuously provide high temperature hot air of more than 1000 degrees for blast furnace. Due to the characteristics of high energy consumption and high pollution, the hot blast stove of blast furnace releases a lot of flue gas and exhaust gas in the working processed and caused a certain heat loss, so it had great potential for recovery. The hot-medium coal preheater of blast furnace hot-blast stove, which is made in this paper, was an efficient and reliable energy-saving equipment to recover the waste heat of flue gas produced by blast furnace hot-blast stove.

In the design process, the heat conducting oil was used as the heat medium, and as the pure liquid heat medium, it can be carried out under low pressure and work steadily. Because T66 had the characteristics of stable performance, unidirectional characteristics, wide temperature adjustable range and low working pressure, T66 was used as heat conducting oil. Heat exchanger tube material was 20 steel, low and medium pressure seamless steel tube, low cost, no need for some precious metal materials. In the process of waste heat recovery from flue gas by heat medium coal preheater of blast furnace hot blast stove, indirect heating and exothermic method using heat conducting oil as hot coal body was adopted, i.e. low temperature heat conducting oil was under the action of circulating oil pump. After the pipeline flows through the flue gas wasted heat recovery equipment, a large amount of heat was absorbed from the waste heat recovery device to high temperature heat conducting oil. The high-temperature heat conducting oil flows through the pipeline again, heating the gas in the heat medium coal preheater, making the gas temperature rise, while the high-temperature heat conducting oil temperature decreases to low-temperature heat conducting oil, and then flows back to the oil pump through the pipeline, heat recovery and heat release, so that the waste heat of the flue gas can be recycled efficiently.

Through the thermodynamic calculation of the whole hot-medium coal preheater equipment of blast furnace hot-blast stove to meet the requirements of strength, pressure, field space and technology, the paper had designed the general construction drawing of the hot-medium coal preheater and the construction drawing of its main components. In the process of thermodynamic calculation, the material, size, quantity, the way of inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger tube and its arrangement. The method should be selected according to the needs of the subject, so as to calculate the structure and check the size and strength. Finally, the project had designed the construction drawings of the main equipment of the whole heat medium coal preheater, including the overall system drawings and the main parts drawings

Keyword：Blast Furnace Hot Blast Furnace；Heat medium；Coal preheater；Waste Heat Recovery

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract III

目 录 V

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题的研究背景及目的 1

1.2高炉热风炉简介 1

1.2.1高炉热风炉的结构形式 1

1.2.2高炉热风炉的工作过程及原理 1

1.2.3高炉热风炉热损失及节能途径 1

1.3烟气余热回收 1

1.3.1余热回收技术的分类 1

1.3.2回收的过程及意义 2

1.4热回收换热器的分类 2

1.4.1热管换热器 2

1.4.2板式换热器 3

1.4.3回转式换热器 4

1.4.4热媒式换热器 4

1.5课题的必要性和意义 6

第二章 2500m³高炉热风炉热煤式煤预器的设计 7

2.1设计要求 7

2.2高炉热风炉热媒式煤预器设计要考虑和研究的问题 7

2.3热力计算中遇到的问题 7

2.4图纸设计所遇到和考虑的问题 8

第三章 热力计算书及结构设计 9

3.1原始设计参数 9

3.1.2确定烟气成分 9

3.2导热油换热器设计 10

3.2.1 10

3.2.2结构设计 14

3.2.3热媒式换热器 18

3.3施工图详见图纸附件。 22

第四章 总结 23

参考文献 24

致谢 26

第一章 绪论

1.1课题的研究背景及目的

近年来，由于改革开放，我国经济得到了快速的发展，能源需求和消耗不断增加。只有将能源进行开发上的有效提高和技术上的持续创新，才可以促进社会经济的可持续发展和社会的进步^[1,2]。

钢铁工业是我国的重要经济支柱^[3]。我国经济尽管快速发展，但是由于能源具有高污染、高能耗的特点，使得钢铁行业在防污减排，节能降耗和烟气余热回收方面存在一定的问题和不足，也面临着持续的挑战^[4,5]。目前，钢铁行业的高炉能耗大约占我国总工业年能耗的百分之九^[6]。因此，使用高炉热风炉热煤式煤预器对烟气进行余热回收不仅可以降低能源消耗并且还能提高能源利用效率，是一种有效可行的节能方法^[7]。

1.2高炉热风炉简介

1.2.1高炉热风炉的结构形式