摘 要

1. Brief Introduction to Hemingway 1

2.Literature Review and Purpose of the Thesis 3

2.1 Literature Review 3

2.2 Purpose of the thesis 4

3.Characteristics of Code Hero 5

3.1 Brief Introduction 5

3.2 Common Characteristics of Code Hero 5

3.3 The Influence of Code Hero on Hemingway’s Life 5

4. Representative Code Heroes in Hemingway's Works 7

4.1 Code Hero in The Undefeated 7

4.1.1 Brief Introduction of The Undefeated 7

4.1.2 Typical behaviors of Manuel 7

4.1.3 TheWay to Manifest the Code Hero 8

4.2 Code Hero in Fifty Grand 10

4.2.1 Brief Introduction of Fifty Grand 10

4.2.2 Typical behaviors of Jack 10

4.2.3 TheWay to Manifest the Code Hero 11

4.3 Code Hero in The Gamble, the Nun and the Radio 12

4.3.1 Brief Introduction of The Gamble, the Nun and the Radio 12

4.3.2 Typical behaviors of Cayetano 13

4.3.3 The Way to Manifest the Code Hero 13

5. The Significance of Code Hero in Modern Society 16

6. Conclusion 18

References 19

Abstract

Hemingway is a member of the lost generation of American writers. He has always been famous as a code hero in the literary world. He is also the spiritual monument of the American nation. His works play an important role in the history of American literature and his works is a twinkling star in the history of world literature. Many scholars have affirmed his contribution to the development of literature and analyzed them from many perspectives. As for the code hero, the research of it is very significant, but there is little research on the code hero in his short stories. The thesis goes on to analyze the code hero in Hemingway's short stories, analyzing the language, behavior in each story, as well as the reasons for the formation of the code hero. At the same time, it expounds the great influence of the code hero on literature and human life.

This thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter is mainly the general introduction. The second chapter of my thesis consists of the literature review and purpose of the study. The third chapter consists of the brief introduction of the characteristics of code hero, and then follows common characteristics of code heroes in Hemingway’s works and the influence of code hero on his life. Chapter four presents representative code heroes in Hemingway’s work. Chapter five analyzes the significance of code hero to modern society, ended with conclusion.

Key words: short stories；code hero; influence

中文摘要

海明威是美国“迷惘的一代”作家中的代表人物。他一向以文坛硬汉著称，他是美利坚民族的精神丰碑。他的作品在美国文学史乃至世界文学史上都占有重要地位。众多学者肯定了其作品对文学发展所作的贡献，并从诸多角度加以分析。就硬汉精神而言，其研究意义极为显著，不过对于他短篇小说中的硬汉形象，相关研究甚少。本文将分析海明威短篇小说中的硬汉形象，分析各篇中硬汉的语言，动作等方面,及硬汉精神的形成原因。本文共分为五个部分。第一章为绪论，对作者、短片内容以及社会背景进行了阐述。第二章是文献综述和研究目的。第三章在简要介绍硬汉英雄特征的基础上，阐述了硬汉英雄在海明威作品中的共同特征以及硬汉英雄对他生活的影响。第五章分析了硬汉英雄对现代社会的意义，最后得出结论。同时，阐述硬汉精神对文学和人类生活的巨大影响。

关键词：短篇小说 ；硬汉；影响

1.Introduction

1.1 Brief Introduction to Hemingway

Earnest Miller Hemingway, one of the most significant and outstanding figures in modern American literature, makes great contribution to the development of modern short stories. Almost all of his works of life has shown confusion and loss to the world and society. He has always been known as a code hero in the literary world. One of Hemingway's outstanding features in creation is the creation of a flesh-and-blood, distinctive characters. Most of these characters were soldiers, journalists, matadors, hunters, fishermen, professional boxers, etc. Hemingway loved them with sincerity and praised them with simple words. From them, readers can see a group of unusual "tough guy" characters. His most famous works include the Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, The Old Man and the Sea, For Whom the Bell Tolls and so on. Most of his works concentrate on the topic of men and the depressed life in the capitalist society, reflecting his concern of contemporary life. Hemingway's novel style is unique, brimming with tough man style of hegemony. The characters he portrayed and the choice of the subject are different from other writers. In art, his simple and powerful style and various modernist techniques had caused a literary revolution in American literature, and many European and American writers were obviously influenced by him.

Earnest Miller Hemingway wrote a great number of short stories, the topics of which cover social relationship, man and nature, man and society and individual inner experience and psychological development. Hemingway writes about one theme all his life, that is, grace under pressure. The awareness that it must end in defeat, no matter how hard he struggles, engenders a sense of despair, but the Hemingway hero possesses courage. It is this courage that enables a man to behave like a man, to assert his dignity in face of adversity. This is the essence of a code of honor in which all of Hemingway’s heroes believed.

Further more, code hero is one of the most vital classification in human beings’ literary life. Hemingway experienced much battles during his life. His war experience proved so shattering and nightmarish that his life and writing were affected for a long time.

1. Literature Review and Purpose of the Thesis

2.1 Literature Review

Hemingway's ideology is not to break, but to stand up where it is broken. The code hero in Hemingway's early works is an invincible warrior, reflecting the enterprising spirit of young Hemingway, while the code hero in his later years is a tough man who has gone through the vicissitudes of life, a spiritual victor who is frustrated but unwilling to fail.

A large number of scholars and experts have shown their concern about the code hero in Hemingway’s short stories and all of them put forward their particular opinion and theory. Among the documents that I refer to, some of them share the same research topic but from wholly different aspects. Philip (1976) demonstrated that the hero is almost the same, that is, Hemingway’s hero was unique in at least one respect. Hemingway took the hero and his code, but scorned the stereotypes of the commercial action story. He wrote about the real world, rejecting romantic conventions and niceties of language, and used a uniquely individual style to transmute a traditional code hero into living literature. As to the analysis on a specific story, James (1971) systematically explained the code relates to grace under pressure, in pain, and is consistent with the way in which Hemingway viewed himself, his art by the introduction of Fifty Grand, either in writing technique or in content. Furthermore, Scott (1973) elaborated the most important aspect of the narrative strategy of The Undefeated which is the use of changes or expansions in the narrative perspective as a means of controlling and developing his characterization of the story’s protagonist.

In contemporary society, a great number of Chinese scholars hold positive attitudes towards the Code Hero in Hemingway’s works, believing the Code Hero will leave a good influence on our life. An (2017) illustrated the characteristic of Santiago, the most typical code hero, and held the view that the use of image gives the novel a mysterious coloring. Guo (2016) introduced three typical code heroes in different times briefly and held the opinion that Santiago was a perfect hero who show grace under heavy pressure. Zhang (2010) also chose some code heroes and analyzed the relationship between these heroes’ life experiences and Hemingway’s life vicissitude. Zhang and Guo both pinpointed the growth of code heroes and its practical significance for us. In addition, Zhuo (1995) analyzed the characteristics of Jack, the code hero in Fifty Grand, through which we can see the brutal killing in the boxing ring and the conspiracy and deception outside the boxing ring. This short story shaped Jack as an introverted, simple, lonely and tough man. Song (2015) used the view of sport metaphor to introduce the plot of the novel and described the images in it. Jia (2013) told that Harold Bloom viewed Hemingway as a great master in short stories and Hemingway’s novels are just like the combination of excellent short stories.

It is obvious that a great number of researchers have studied Hemingway’s novels from variety of perspectives. This thesis chooses to discuss the leading code heroes of Hemingway’s three short stories to study the code hero in his short stories. Hemingway's ideology is not to break, but to stand up where it is broken. The protagonists in these short stories injured mentally or physically, but they were never defeated. These flesh and blood figures are the losers in life, but they are the victors in spirit, which is popular in Europe.

2.2 Purpose of the thesis

This thesis mainly analyzes the code heroes in Hemingway’s three short stories and find the difference between his later works and offers suggestions and assumption to Hemingway’s studies in China. This thesis chooses to discuss the leading heroes of Hemingway’s three short stories to study the code hero in his short stories.

1. Characteristics of Code Hero

3.1 Brief Introduction

In Hemingway's stories, whether the protagonists are bullfighters, soldiers, or fishermen fighting with a shark in the sea, besides loneliness, they face adversity, death, violence and failure. The more dangerous the environment is, the more tenacious the protagonist is. The conspicuous contrast tend to bring us mixed feelings. This is what the author calls " grace under heavy pressure." Confronted with great external pressure, they are still strong and optimistic. Although they fail in the end, they can still hold dignity and courage. Like the lion he described in the Snows of Kilimanjaro, it is still sitting on the hill after death, still not falling down. These code heroes share the same traits: strong and determined, brave and upright. They can maintain grace and composure in the face of great difficulties. These stories reflect a profound philosophical theme: Everyone cannot escape failure in the process of growth. But even if it fails, it must not lose dignity, courage, and compromise. As Hemingway pursues throughout his life, man can be destroyed, but can never be defeated.

3.2 Common Characteristics of Code Hero

The code hero mainly manifests in four aspects: First, do not give up under any difficult circumstances; Secondly, have daring spirit for facing the challenge; Thirdly, the heroic behavior in the actual battle; Finally, learn to endure loneliness during the long struggle.

3.3 The Influence of Code Hero on Hemingway’s Life

The construction of the code hero is closely related to Hemingway's legendary life experience. He took part in the world wars, and suffered from great pain. He was also good at fishing, like his father. He and Gauentes, the prototype of the protagonist in The Old Man and the Sea, found a huge black Marlin in the sea off Peru, weighed 1542 pounds, breaking the record in 1956. He used all his lifetime to interpret the meaning of the code hero.

During World War I, Hemingway lost the opportunity to go to the front because of his eye illness, but he still volunteered to join the American Red Cross medical team to become an ambulance driver. The cruel war made Hemingway further understood the fragility of life. After the war, Hemingway lived in Paris, and his deep aversion to the war made him gradually begin to reflect on the nature of the human race. He began to write his own special works and gradually formed his own unique language style. A large number of works were produced in this short time. In the 1920s, he published two novels: the Sun Also Rises(1926) and A Farewell to Arms (1929). These two works are important representative works in Hemingway's early creation, and they are also the representative works of the formation of code hero.

In the late 1920s, Hemingway returned to the United States and settled in Florida. In this period, he created a lot of short stories, the representative code hero is gradually formed, and the character of the code hero has been further improved. In this period, some typical code heroes took shape such as Manuel, Jack and Cayetano.

In 1952, Hemingway settled in Cuba, and later he published a novel, The Old Man and the Sea which was based on the Cuban fishing village. This novel is the culmination of Hemingway's code hero. The character of the code man was completed at this stage, and Hemingway won the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for Literature for his excellent novel. The code hero who has been living in real life believes in his own Santiago-style code hero during all his life. "But people are not born for failure. One can be destroyed, but can never be defeated." In the face of death and the growing weakness, Hemingway used his own way to defend his final dignity, and left the world in a heroic way.

1. Representative Code Heroes in Hemingway’s Works

4.1 Code Hero in "The Undefeated"

4.1.1 Brief Introduction of this story

Manuel is an old bullfighter who lives in a world of violence, frustration, and absurdity. Out of love and pride, he insists on bullfighting regardless of age and health condition. The manager, Retana, takes this opportunity to blackmail him, deliberately offering a low price of 300 pesetas. In order to preserve his honor and self-esteem as a matador, Manuel ignores the difficulties from his manager and the kind dissuasion of his friends, and resolutely goes to the bullring. On the bullring, he has to try not only to deal with the strong bulls, but also to make his old-fashioned movements cater to the critical masses. During the thrilling struggle with the same ferocious bull, the horns are embedded in his waist, and he endures severe pain, losing but not concealing, and finally killing the bull with tenacious will. Lying on the operating table, he stubbornly refuses to be cut off his pigtails which is a matador's symbol. His victory was hard-won, both admirable and heartbreaking, in exchange for dignity at the stake of life.

4.1.2 Typical behaviors of Manuel

There is no denying that Manuel is a code hero through his conversations with his boss, friends, and his performance in the bullring. Manuel's golden age for bullfighting is over, but he has the courage to challenge fate. Manuel as a code hero is manifested in 3 stages. First of all, Manuel who has just recover from a bad illness tries to kill the strong bull, and tries to make his old-fashioned behaviors cater to the audience. Under the double pressure, he remains firm and fearless, which reflects the elegance under heavy pressure.On the bullring, Manuel has put life and death aside, and for him the spirit is the one that is most important. Manuel's victory manifests not only in his killing the bulls, but also in his spiritual triumph, his courage and fortitude. The heroic spirit of contempt for death is thus sublimated. On the other hand, the bull killed by Manuel is embodied in the imperishable spirit of struggle. Although the bull struggling in the bullring is destined to die, it is always full of passion and strength, even if repeatedly stabbed, never give up the idea of killing each other. Last but not least, when Manuel finally completes his mission to kill the bull, all that dies is the flesh, the body part, but the spirit of the bull will remain forever. In this sense, it is also a representative of Hemingway-style’s code hero.

Manuel is exploited by his superiors, faced with strong adversaries, does not show any timidity and fear in the dangerous and evil world. To be first, he knows that he must fail, and accepts the conditions. He puts his shoulder to the wheel and faces death unflinchingly. In order to preserve his former glory, he never gives up his efforts, even at the expense of his life. Even when the bull falls down and suffers serious injuries and the crowd throw cushions and bottles to hit him, he refuses to leave the field. Meanwhile, Manuel withstands the unbearable burden of life and injects bright, red blood into the original gray life. This is the unyielding spirit of struggle, even if nothing has been achieved. A moral victory that does not fear hardship or fear of failure. Lying on the operating table, he stubbornly refuses to be cut off his pigtails which is a matador's symbol. He keeps muttering to himself, "I did a good job, I did a good job." " It's just bad luck. " The contempt for death creates the greatness of Manuel's spirit.

4.1.3 The way to manifest the code hero

When it comes to the way to manifest the code hero in this short story, the most conspicuous one is to describe Retana’s oppression, followed by the waiter’s behavior, the bearing of the audience and the bench commentator. At the beginning of this short story, Manuel comes to his boss's office with great confidence, Retana keeps quiet. After hearing Manuel's answer, Retana does not immediately open the door, but directly questions Manuel's intentions. The beginning of the short story sets the tone for the struggle between the strong and the weak. Obviously, the discourse reflects the relationship between the disparity of status and the cruel exploitation. However, this is only the beginning, and then, ignoring the most basic greetings of his subordinates, Retana agrees to give Manuel a chance, but he offers little salary to defraud the cheap labor. His habitual business mentality and ruthless humanity push Manuel to the brink of life without a sense of uneasy. In a word, Retana paves the path to hell which he must accept. He is the disaster of Manuel.

Secondly, the waiters’ behavior is an important way manifest the code hero in this short story. Helpless Manuel goes to the coffee shop and crams his stomach which suffers hunger and cold with his advance payment. The waiter guesses that he is a matador from his dressing. But it is clear that the point of their conversation has nothing to do with Manuel, and they do not want to know any heroic history of him. The part of reason is that they despise Manuel who is no longer young. They only care about the most popular matador at that time and want to know some information about those contemporary outstanding matadors from Manuel. Their conversation shows their indifference and contempt. Manuel, who had once been brilliant, does not receive the respect he deserves. And such indifference and forgetfulness give Manuel great pressure and ordeal. His heart suffers a great deal. Waiters are the absolute hell of Manuel's soul.

Thirdly,the bearing of audience in the bullring can also manifest the code hero. Due to Manuel's excellent dodge, the crowd at the bullfight gives him the applause he deserves in the first few rounds. But when Manuel attacks the bulls at close range in the third game, they are so tired of the technocratic matador so that the Retana assistant says, “if Belmont had done that, The audience will be crazy’’. When Manuel's subsequent attack is frustrated, the audience throws off the cushions one by one, even wine bottles. There is no doubt that these behaviors add salt to his wounds, and he is tripped over a footpad in the final shock, resulting in a severe wound. The audience without conscience and humanity is the root of Manuel's tragic life. It is their special interesting that contributes to the bullfighting activity and the profession of matador.The audience and the grotesque society around them are the bane of Manuel's hell.

Last not not least, the bench commentator is also an important way to perform the code hero. The bench commentator does not speak directly to Manuel, and Hemingway explains the game with the eyes of other media. People expect the media to be fair and reasonable. But apparently the commentator is the same as the inhuman audience around him. He smokes for a while, drinks champagne, and reports from the start with a relaxed and despised attitude that "he ends up like Belmont, winning the applause of the old audience." Then there is also direct contempt, "the aged Manuel performed a group of vulgar waving with the cloak, without applause," until the end of which he concluded the bullfight is not worth writing a story and putting away the note completely. The commentator’s existence disappoints the only justice expected in the world. Yes, there is no authentic justice in the world. It is a mess of absurdity.

4.2 Code Hero in "Fifty Grand"

4.2.1 Brief Introduction of this story

Jack Brennan, suffered a backstabbing from people in the Chamber of Secrets. On the afternoon before the game, Jack's broker, John Collins, came to see Jack with his two friends, the casino owner Morgan and Steinfield, and spoke to Jack in secret. As the narrator, Jack's coach and friend,was driven out of the room, the author omitted the content and process of their secret conversation. Later, Jack told Jerry he had bet $50,000 on Walcott, and Jack denied that it was a cheat: "How can I beat him?" This is not a cheat. What am I? How can we beat him? Thousand? don't you get some money in here? " From Jerry we know that Jack's boxing career is almost over and this is his last game. He had been sleepless, in a poor health condition, unable to train properly. He knew that the young and strong Walcott would beat him completely. So he agreed with Morgan and Steinfield to lose the game. Win your own bet. But the game didn't go exactly as Jack expected. In the final round, to everyone’s surprise, Walcott cheated and fouled, "He must have hit him five inches below the belt. I thought the eyes would come out of Jack’s head. They stuck way out. His mouth come open. " Jack soon realized that his opponent was cheating. If he falls down at this time, he can't go on the competition. Walcott will be disqualified, and Jack will win, but he will lose the bet. He had no choice but to stand up bravely, "he walked. It's as if his viscera are going to fall out. " Then Jack treated Walcott with his own way, beat him down with the same two punches. As a result, he was disqualified which forced Walcott to win. It successfully breaks down the clever double-scam arranged by the two wise men, the lucky swindlers.

4.2.2 Typical behaviors of Jack

Jack is a code hero who is flexible and bears much burden through his active action and constant struggle. To be first, he eliminates all the misunderstandings, censure and deceit of all circles, journalists and casino owners. For example, the details of Jack's secret meeting with Morgan and Steinfield, the casino owners, before the game are unknown, but it is certain that he does not agree to lose the game on purpose. Secondly, in the first four rounds of the game, "Jack beat him in blood and broke his face." As an honest boxer, Jack tried to win, even if he might lose $50,000. But by the seventh round Jack was feeling heavy on his left hand and his legs were broken. Young Walcott began to beat him ruthlessly. He must have been a heavy fist. He thinks he can last. He doesn't want this bohunk to stop him. Even if he loses money, he'll do whatever he wants. But when he found out that Walcott had committed a foul, he realized that his opponent had violated his work ethic and returned the foul with two punches. The one which is unsuccessful in moral made the competition a very equal fighting and the other helped him win the bet. Last but not least, Jack lost the chance to be a winner in the competition, but he won the bet, and more importantly, he won the respect of his manager, John. Although Hemingway never mentioned the term "courage" in this short story, it is clear that courage is an important part of Jack's behavior. Throughout the story Jack keeps silent, tries to control himself, and finds confidence in solitude. His choice turned out to be right. He didn't have to explain to anyone what was good for him and his family. It is not until the end of the story that we find Jack is admirable and that Jack is a well-trained, intelligent, and perfect professional boxer. Jack's decisive act of twice fouling at the critical moment did not turn him into a greedy machine to earn $50, 000. Jack uses his wisdom to beat the casino owners who want to make money and the brainless boxers like Walcott. His victory was a spiritual victory in man's struggle against fate, proving that a man was not born to be defeated. A man can be destroyed, but can not be defeated.

4.2.3 The way to manifest the code hero

Throughout the whole story, Jerry-- as the subtle mysterious narrator of this story, describes what he understood about the boxer world, and how he reacted to what had happened in the boxers world. He even prematurely foresaw what would eventually happen. He is a cryptic clue of this story. When Jack first told Jerry he was betting on Walcott, Jerry warned him a few times that $50,000 was a great deal of money. Jerry, as a coach, an admirer, a partner, or an assistant can't face the tough challenge of the scam, which is in contrast with Jack's final victory. In fact, Jack's victory was a spiritual victory which is at the expense of countless pains inside and outside the field. Therefore, a complete victory is impossible, both inside and outside the ring. What Hemingway does best is to reproduce unusual events indeed. The vivid boxing figures and boxing activities depiction reflects his profound reflection on life and the world: there will be no absolute winners, and everyone should have courage and dignity. Do your work in your own way. There is nothing in the world but to fight, so we must do our best to fight with all obstacle.

4.3 Code Hero in "the Gambler, the Nun and the Radio"

4.3.1 Brief Introduction of this story

Two patients who had been shot were brought in at midnight, one dying and the other crying, and the whole story presented a world of animosity and absurdity. The hospital is the metaphor of the absurd world, patients are suffering from the pain of torture and have no hope of recovery: The athletic performers who had a bad accident and hurt his back have no choice but to step into another profession even if discharged from the hospital; The boy who had broken legs had to break again due to wrong operation; The carpenter who had broken his hands and feet, could put his bones together, but it would take a long time; The Russians, who had been shot by accident, were crying with great pain. Despite the pain and suffering, the most terrible thing is the threat of death. Cayetano who was hurt has been in a state of decline and is on the verge of death since he was admitted to the hospital. The nun told Fraser that they don't think he is going to live long and they afraid he is going to die and she worried he is going to die like a dog. Cayetano's legs were paralyzed when he saw Frazier. Cayetano was a lifeless, crumbling figure of the grotesque in front of Frazier. They wheeled him in, thin, his skin transparent, his hair black and needing to be cut, his eyes very laughing. When he smile he show bad teeth. At the end of the conversation, Fraser hoped that Cayetano's paralyzed leg can be recovered and he can have good luck in the later.

4.3.2 Typical behaviors of Cayetano

It is obvious that Cayetano is a code hero, a gambler who chose to fight against fate in despair. What we learned from this character is that if life is destined to be a tragedy, we must keep fighting until the end. In the first place, Cayetano suffered from life and poverty. He has no more than the shirt on his back and that shirt is of little value now. And next, he was shot, almost killed, and ended up with a paralyzed leg. He had never had good luck in his life. He was a poor idealist, a victim of illusions. In addition, Fraser asked him why he continued to bet. He answered that if he lives long enough the luck will change. However, he has been accompanied with bad luck for 15 years and he believe that if he can get any good luck he will make a fortune. Cayetano is betting on fate and fighting against bad luck. The dignity maintained in the predicament reflects a kind of spirit which is called grace under heavy pressure. Last but not least, the poor man who has been seriously injured refused to told police the name of the gunman. During the interrogation, the police said that he didn’t have to act like a moving picture, implying that he didn't have to make himself a hero. Cayetano proved with his actions that this was not a bravado, but the dignity of a human being in the face of doom. He endured great pain in the process of his treatment and never complained. When one leg was paralyzed, he can still talk to Frazier at ease and people hear his laughter from time to time. Even Cecilia couldn't help saying, "What a good patient!" "He's so badly hurt that he doesn't hum." Compared to Fraser who often cries in the room, Cayetano was a man of great action.

4.3.3 The way to manifest the code hero

When it comes to the way to manifest the code hero in this story, the most effective way is Frazer and Sister Cecilia's comparison. For one thing, Frazer is a self-deceiving character. It is his self-deceiving that makes an obvious comparison with Cayetano’s stoical. He evaded thinking and chose to listen to the radio and drink, for these were the best opium of his own paralysis. And Frazier's real intention was not to listen to the radio and drink, but to passivate the consciousness of nothingness, which he attempted to kill. The double torment of physical pain and spiritual nothingness made him unbearable and indulged in alcohol and radio. Frazer's self-deception is also reflected in his cowardice, lack of courage to transcend limitations and change his situation. He was a coward in the battle against illness. And when his nerves went down, He didn't want to go on, because he knew the results of the experiment and would not be forced to do the same experiment. This, like his point of view of things, was an attitude of compromise to reality. Fraser knows that life is destined to be a tragedy. He simply chose to subdue his fate insensibly.

For another, Sister Cecilia's religious fanaticism is also a form of self-deception. If Frazier's self-deception is reflected in escapism, Cecilia leaps directly into reality and lives in the illusion of religion. The novel reveals a lot of satire about the self-deceiving character. Cecilia's religious fanaticism became the absurdity of returning all her destinies to God. As she listened to the football game, she insisted on praying in the church, "Oh, Lord, show them the way they hit the ball!" Oh, Lord, I hope he hits the score! " The nature of self-deception reveals that man does not take charge of his own destiny but depends entirely on the arrangement of God. A football match is no exception. What is more ironic is that the nuns' name, Cecilia, etymologically says Cecilia has the meaning of blind, blurred and indiscernible. If the meaning of the name is associated with the image of the character, it is obvious that the character deceives himself: out of reality, blindly living in the illusion of religion. The writer's last irony of Cecilia was revealed by the thin Mexican. The thin Mexican in the story is soberly aware of reality. He asked, "Is she a little crazy?" Frazer answered that she is a fine woman of great intelligence and sympathy. At the same time,the thin Mexican said that he respects those who have faith though they are ignorant. The writer quoted what Marx once said, "The painful man eneeds opium to paralyze himself." This sentence reveals not only the illusory nature of religion, but also an existential philosophical delusion that man's destiny is not determined by himself, but at the disposal of an uncertain savior. It is Fraser and Cecilia who serve as a foil to Cayetano’s tragic life.

The Undefeated tells about the old matador Manuel, in order to preserve the honor of the past, regardless of the cruel exploitation of the boss and the kind advice of his companions, decided to go out and fight the Bulls. The boxer in Fifty Grand put down the foul opponent with great pain and destroyed a double scam. The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio describes that two robberies humorously talked and laughed freely when death is coming, showing the ease and elegance of death. These flesh and blood figures are the unlucky and the losers in life, but they are the strong and the victors in spirit, which is popular in Europe.

5. The Significance of Code Hero in Modern Society
The code hero boasts strength, courage and tenacity, which are the beautiful qualities people aspire to. These qualities are like beacons, shining people moving forward. This personality caters to American psychology, resonates with them and expresses their voice. Meanwhile American citizens are also keen on this personality. The code hero encourages Americans to be tenacious. In the process of capitalist competition for freedom, no matter how difficult the conditions were, they persisted until they finally reached their own goals. It can be said that the American soldiers played the role of code heroes in World War II. Almost every part of the world has left an anti-fascist footprint. Therefore, the code hero has a certain charm,and it has inspired a group of people to strive for their dreams. The body of a man may die, but the spirit shall never be conquered. The trait of code heroes reflect outlook and faith of life in a pessimistic world. Code hero is not only related to individuals, but also to communities. Code heroes show extreme determination and courage in face of defeat, and live with grace under pressure.

At the early stage, the code hero experienced much changes. And later, Hemingway shaped it further by infusing some more appealing qualities. These excellent qualities play a leading role in modern society. The saying that one can be destroyed, but can never be defeated has become a great number of citizen’s motto. The code hero cannot be separated from contemporary society and they can show the specific qualities in specific background. There are many different values in modern society. People can know the value from the image of code hero. They still need the spirit of code hero to deal with challenges with an optimistic manner, infinite wisdom,and strong will. No matter these code heroes struggle is a success or a failure, is always worthy of people 's respect. Because they have taught people how to receive a spiritual victory, and how to face many difficulties in realistic life. At the same time, we should show great respect to the weak and the old, such as Manuel in The Undefeated. People should realize that although the older people may not have great physical strength, they can still make much contributions to society. Hemingway has contributed to human being not only the language arts, but the modern way of existence. The spirit of code hero seems like the bridge standing in the border between western humanism and modern socialist. Although Hemingway dies, the spirit of code hero will exist in every part of the world.

6.Conclusion

Through above discussion and analysis, we can see that Hemingway infuses his creative thoughts and his life attitudes to almost all his works, which made these short stories dramatic and vivid. The paper helps readers to realize the code hero and find out the reasons of the popularity of Hemingway’s works. It not only introduces heroic characters, but also analyses the society and culture in that period. It is very important to understand the essence of code hero and realize the real theme of never giving up in The Undefeated or Fifty Grand, even the tragic fate of Hemingway. People should not only appreciate the spirit of code hero, but to become code heroes as well. People should also have a good evaluation that the value of life is not success or failure, but to fight all the time. The meaning of life is to experience and enjoy the process of fighting. After having gone through many difficult challenges, they can brain a vast amount of knowledge and experience about the world around them. So people need to learn code heroes' wisdom, confidence, courage, great perseverance and so on. People should be proud but not boastful, be resigned but not passive, and the most important thing is to live with hopes in the following years. Those attitudes can encourage us in our society, especially after we suffering from some natural disasters or accidents. Only in this way, can we not be defeated by anyone or anything. To sum up, Hemingway himself is the incarnation of the code hero. Although Hemingway has left the world, the code heroes and his attitude in his masterpieces will inspire us forever.

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Acknowledgments

I finished my thesis on time with the great help of my supervisor Ms. Zhu. Ms. Zhu shows much patience and offers me useful suggestions all the time. Although the whole process is lengthy and boring, I can still enjoy myself. Not like other teachers, she is funny and interesting. At the same time, she pays much attention to my feelings. To some extent, she is like my older sister.

I should also say thanks to all the teachers during my school life. They teach me how to keep a curious heart and their profound knowledge triggers my love for this beautiful language.

In addition, my classmates, especially my roommates give me a lot of support and help. They help me revise the format of my thesis and accompany me all the time.

Last but not least, my parents offer me great confidence all through these years and they tell me that it is important to keep optimistic and assiduous.