溶解乙炔生产过程的安全性分析与设计毕业论文

 2020-04-15 21:30:45

摘要

本设计是针对溶解乙炔生产过程的工艺设计,并根据溶解乙炔的特性及工艺流程对溶解乙炔的生产危险性进行分析。根据所学的理论知识，辨识出生产过程中存在的危险有害因素，设计合理可靠的安全生产设计方案，提出安全对策措施或建议。

本设计主要阐述了溶解乙炔的特性、生产研究历史及技术发展前景、其在国民经济及工业中的重要地位，描述了制造工艺方法及其工艺流程。辩识该生产过程所涉及的原辅料及产品哪些属于危险化学品;对厂区进行平面布置设计，对该工艺进行定性定量的安全评价分析。最后通过本次溶解乙炔设计的理解，提出在溶解乙炔的生产、贮存中的注意事项和管理措施。

关键词：溶解乙炔电石安全评价安全管理

Safety Analysis and Design of Dissolved Acetylene Production Process

Abstract

This design is aimed at the process design of the dissolved acetylene production process, and analyzes the production risk of dissolved acetylene according to the characteristics and process flow of dissolved acetylene. According to the theoretical knowledge learned, identify the dangerous and harmful factors in the production process, design a reasonable and reliable safety production design plan, and propose safety countermeasures or suggestions.

This design mainly describes the characteristics of dissolved acetylene, production research history and technology development prospects, its important position in the national economy and industry, and describes the manufacturing process and its process flow. Identify the raw materials and products involved in the production process which are hazardous chemicals; carry out the layout design of the plant area, and conduct qualitative and quantitative safety evaluation analysis of the process. Finally, through the understanding of the design of dissolving acetylene, the precautions and management measures in the production and storage of dissolved acetylene are proposed.

Key Words: Dissolved acetylene, calcium carbide, safety evaluation, safety management

溶解乙炔概述

溶解乙炔简介

溶解乙炔，是将乙炔溶解在有机溶剂后注入钢瓶，以便于对乙炔进行储存、运送和使用。

乙炔（），该化合物的熔点为，其沸点为，相对密度，其蒸汽压为(16.8℃)4053kPa，燃烧热1298.4kJmol。其纯度达到100%时在颜色上表现为无色气体，无味，并且该气体的燃点比较低，能够微溶在水中，但是该气体在丙酮等各类有机质溶剂中溶解度比较高。在借助于电石方式进行该气体的制备过程中将很容易引入硫化氢等物质，使其纯度较低,当纯度不高时其挥发过程将较易于挥发并具有刺激性气味。对于温度达到15℃并且在1.5MPa压强作用下，乙炔气体将在丙酮里达到比较高的溶解度，是237g/L,并且所溶解的溶液在稳定性上比较高。就其储存方式来看，工业存储主要借助于钢瓶实现存储，并且钢桶多孔能够装入丙酮然后再进行乙炔的溶解，实现存储。