摘 要

本文从社会异化角度分析《雾都孤儿》中的人物形象。这是狄更斯早期的作品之一。文学评论家们从不同的角度分析了这部作品。本文以异化理论为基础，从三个角度分析当时英国异化的冰冷制度下书中人物的性格和命运。首先，从书中核心人物自身角度出发，由环境命运等因素影响的自身异化。其次，从书中人物之间关系分析社会异化，也称为人与人之间的异化。最后，社会制度为根源导致的大环境的社会异化成为本文分析重点。社会的迅速发展颠覆了人们的内在价值观和道德价值观，导致了人类的异化。

本文以书中几个主要人物为例作出人物形象分析，从人自身，人与人之间人与社会三个角度出发，阐述了友情，爱情，亲情的分崩离析。资本主义工业社会对其人民产生了微妙的影响。它对人性的扭曲和人与人之间关系的疏离是深刻而巨大的。

关键词：雾都孤儿;社会异化;人物形象分析

1. Introduction

1.1 The need of the study

Oliver Twist is a long realistic novel published by British writer Dickens in 1838(C.K,1992).The work was set in London, a foggy capital, and it tells a tragic story and experience of an orphan. Oliver, who grew up in an orphanage, experienced an apprenticeship, fled hard, strayed into a den of thieves, and was forced to associate with vicious murderers. He experienced countless hardships and finally, with the help of good people, found out who really he was and obtained happiness.

The author of this book, Charles John Huffam was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, a rural region of southeastern England that was to become the focus of his fiction, and died on June 9, 1870. Dickens' novels pay much attention to describing life experiences of the " normal people" living at the bottom of the British society. They profoundly reflected the complex social reality of Britain at that time and made outstanding contributions to the British critical realism literature. His work has had a profound impact on the development of English literature.

Dickens lived and created his work in the mid-19th century before the Victorian era. Dickens' lifelong activities and creations are always in sync with the trend of the times. He used the realistic writing style to expose the hypocrisy, greed, greed and ferocity of the upper class and the bourgeoisie. He showed the tragic situation of the lower classes, especially women, children and the elderly, anger and deep sympathy . He showed the miserable situation of the lower class, especially women, children and the elderly, with great anger and deep sympathy. He also described the struggle of the toiling masses who began to awaken with serious and cautious attitude. At the same time, he also eulogized the truth, goodness and beauty in human nature with lofty ideals and romanticism, hoping for a more reasonable society and a better life.(F.R.Leavis: the novelist,1992)

1.2 Research purpose

Alienation theory is an important part of " Western Marxism" social and political theory, and it is the most important ideological weapon for them to criticize the contemporary capitalist society. " Western Marxism" draws the conclusion that contemporary capitalism is an unreasonable, deformed and morbid society through revealing the alienation phenomenon of contemporary capitalism and analyzing the new features of alienation. " Western Marxism" not only affirmed that the British capitalist society at that time was a alienated and morbid society, pointed out the inevitable connection between alienation and capitalism, but also made great efforts to analyze the new characteristics of contemporary capitalist alienation. That’s why we make efforts on it.

2. Literature Review

2.1 An overview of alienation

The theory of alienation is an important part of the social and political theory of "Western Marxism" and the most important ideological weapon for them to criticize the contemporary capitalist society. "Western Marxism" is the conclusion that contemporary capitalism is an unreasonable, abnormal and morbid society by revealing the phenomenon of alienation of contemporary capitalism and analyzing the new characteristics of alienation(Zhang Chunmei, Hong Jingyuan:2014). A realistic analysis of the contemporary capitalist alienation theory of "Western Marxism" from the basic point of view of Marxism will help us fully understand the alienation of human nature and society in the Oliver Twist.

2.2 Research on Oliver Twist

Dickens’ novel Oliver Twist has aroused great repercussions since its publication. There are different researches on it, but most of them are shocked by its profound description of characters and expression of good wishes. Up to now, there are still boundless researches related to it emerge.

Research status abroad: In 1911, scholars abroad such as Smith, G.Charles Dickens published the Literary Life(Smith, G.Charles Dickens,1996). Dickens'works have also been studied in depth, the most famous of which is the University of California in the United States. They have professional professors who thoroughly analyze Dickens'works and hold an annual conference on Dickens to discuss the latest research results.

Current research situation in China: as far as I know, there are many colleges and universities in China study "Oliver Twist".

In the 1980s, there has been substantia development in the study of Oliver Twist. For example, the book Dickens Review, selected and translated some famous European and American writers and Critics'comments on Dickens, which can be roughly divided into three periods according to the published years(Zhu Hong:1989). The first period was when Dickens was alive. The second period was from the death of Dickens in 1870 to the 1940s. The two chapters of Dickens'childhood, written by John Foster, a friend and executor of Dickens, are also translated as appendices and appended to the end of this book.

In the 1990s, Zhao Biyuan of Central South University for Nationalities wrote "An Analysis of Nancy's Image in"Oliver Twist"（1990:15）. Starting with Nancy, a minor character in"Oliver Twist", she made a comprehensive analysis of her personality characteristics and pointed out the role of this character in the development of the whole story. At the same time, according to Nancy's experience, the article explores her psychological journey in depth. This will not only arouse readers'sympathy for the lost "thieves", but also help us to understand the true face of the society in which she lives.

At the beginning of the 21st century, there havs new developments been made in the study of Oliver Twist. For example, Qiao Guoqiang, in his journal "Seeing Dickens'Anti-Semitism Tendency from the Orphan of the Twist"(2004), from a racist standpoint, holds that the Jewish "race" is born with a demonic character and should not belong to the prejudiced tradition of a member of the civilized society of mankind. Dickens' depiction, description, analysis and analysis of Jewish Fagin in the Orphan of the Twist City Discuss Dickens'anti-Semitism tendency in his works.

In the 10s of the 21st century, the study of the book emerged in endlessly. For example, there are studies on the drawbacks of capitalism. Hao Lu of Yangtze Vocational College criticized the evil, injustice, hypocrisy, corruption, money worship and other ugly phenomena in Dickens'Criticism of Capitalism in Oliver Twist published in the Journal of Hubei Institute of Adult Education(Hao Lu,2010). In Oliver Twist, Dickens depicts a series of characters: evil Fagin, Sex, Bumble and so on, as well as conscientious Nancy(Jia Yining:2017), kind Ross, Oliver, Mrs. Merry and so on. Dickens'vivid description of these characters deeply reflects the darkness of the society at that time, thus satirizing and criticizing the ugliness and arkness of human nature under the capitalist social system, communicate with Interpretation of Nancy’s characters (Zhang Shuguang: 2016).