论文总字数：34392字

摘 要

近些年，我们国家提倡环保，当然在交通出行方面也取得了很大的进步。也随着“共享”理念不断地深入人心，逐渐出现共享单车、共享汽车、共享盒子等，而共享单车是当下比较流行的一种绿色环保的低碳出行方式，在校园、社区、地铁站、公交站等一些公共的地方我们会发现共享单车无处不在，除了有共享的自行车，还有共享的电动车。现在人们的日常出行不再需要一味地依靠汽车，在城市的很多地方都会设置共享单车的停放点。共享单车对社会中的各类人都是有用的，比如说学生上下课、上班族上下班或者换乘地铁公交、家庭妇女市场购物、老年人锻炼身体等，总之，是有很多好处的。如今共享单车分为两种：自行车和电动车。两者对于出行比较便捷，后者在使用时比前者更便捷，因为当人们在使用时不需要消耗太多的体力，但是对于共享电动单车的充电问题没有得到完善，比如说在上下班，节假日的高峰期，运维人员来不及为共享电动单车供应电量的时候该如何解决充电的问题。

因此，为了解决这一问题，本毕设主要研究的就是共享电动单车充电方法的实现。在本次毕设中使用的是MATLAB语言和TSP算法来实现。通过反复循环的测试实验尽可能得到最贴近现实的结果。本次研究会从电池更换和固定电量的快速充电这两方面来探讨关于共享电动单车补充电量的实现。本次毕设的内容也是针对共享电动单车的电量补充进行实验细节方面的描述以及讨论。由于本次毕设问题的解决会用到TSP算法，而使用TSP算法得到最优解一直是国内外专家热衷于研究的问题，所以在本文中会用很大的篇幅来介绍TSP算法，并以本次毕设为例，探讨使用TSP算法如何解决这类问题，而且要符合实际生活，并要存在开发的意义。

在开始对本次毕设的开发前上网搜索了很多关于TSP算法的内容，包括它的历史、研究现状、运用于哪些领域等等，TSP其实是一种特别耐人寻味的算法。因为本次毕设关键要攻克的就是TSP问题，所以只有在对TSP算法有了深入的了解后本次的毕设才能正式步入正轨。对于用TSP算法来研究共享电动单车的电量补充是一个很好的课题，因为在当下TSP算法和共享单车都是社会比较关注的，作为学生，本人对共享单车也有一定的了解，共享单车也会作为日常出行的工具。所以有这次机会能将著名古今中外的TSP算法和当下处于热潮的共享单车相结合起来完成本次的毕设实在是深感荣幸。

本次毕设完成的系统可以作为解决共享电动单车电量补充方面的参考。该系统成功开发后可以大大的减少运维人员的工作路程和消耗的时间，不会做很多无用功，节省了很多人力物力，比如在没有求出最短路径的情况下就会出现重复地经过同一个站点，增加了工作的路程，还会使得共享电动单车得不到及时的电量补充。针对共享电动单车最重要的就是电量的补充，如果不能第一时间对电量不足的电动单车进行充电，很可能会导致用户的投诉、用户的流失等，推广共享单车的企业也得不到盈利。

综上所述，本次系统成功的开发，对共享电动单车的电量补充是起到至关重要的作用的，能够在最短的时间内保证共享电动单车的电量充足。这样子的一个系统完全开发后，对相关企业，对用户都是有利的，乃至对整个社会的发展都是有益处的。

关键词：共享电动单车;电量补充；MATLAB;TSP算法

Abstract

In recent years, our country advocates environmental protection, of course, has made great progress in transportation. With the concept of sharing becoming more and more popular, sharing bicycles, sharing cars, sharing boxes, and so on, sharing bicycles is a green, environmentally friendly, low-carbon way to travel on campus, in communities, in subway stations, and so on. Public places like bus stops, we'll find shared bikes everywhere, apart from shared bikes, and shared electric bikes. Nowadays, people no longer have to rely on cars for their daily travel. Parking points for sharing bicycles are set up in many parts of the city, and they can be seen everywhere. . Sharing bicycles is useful for all kinds of people in society, such as students going to school, commuters commuting to and from work or commuting to the subway, shopping in the housewives' market, exercising the elderly and so on. In a word, there are many advantages. Today there are two types of shared bikes: bicycles and electric vehicles. Both are more convenient for travel, and the latter are easier to use than the former, because people don't need much effort to use them, but the charging problem for shared electric bikes is not improved, for example, during commuting. During the peak hours of the holiday season, there is no time for operators to supply electricity for the sharing of electric bikes Solve the supply problem.

Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the main research of this paper is the realization of shared electric bicycle charging method. The MATLAB and TSP algorithms are used in this design. The test results are as close to reality as possible through repeated loop test. This research will discuss the realization of sharing electric bicycle recharge from two aspects: battery replacement and fast charging of fixed power. The details of the experiment are also described and discussed. Since the solution to this problem will be based on the TSP algorithm, and the use of the TSP algorithm to obtain the most The optimal solution has always been a problem that experts at home and abroad are keen to study, so this paper will devote a lot of space to introduce the TSP algorithm, and take this project as an example to discuss how to use the TSP algorithm to solve this kind of problem, and to conform to the real life. And to exist the significance of development.

In order to solve the problem of TSP , it is a good problem for TSP to study the electric quantity of the shared electric bicycle . Cycling can also be used as a daily travel tool. So it's a great honor to have this opportunity to combine the famous TSP algorithm with the current boom of sharing bikes.

This finished system can be used as a reference for sharing electric bicycle power supply. After the successful development of the system, it can greatly reduce the working distance and the time consumed by the operation and maintenance personnel, do not do a lot of useless work, and save a lot of manpower and material resources. For example, without finding the shortest path, there will be repeated passing through the same site, increasing the distance of work, and making the shared electric bicycle without timely power supply. The most important thing for the shared electric bicycle is to replenish the electricity. If the electric bicycle with insufficient power is not charged in the first place, it will probably lead to the complaint of the user. Loss and so on, promote the sharing of bicycle companies are not profitable.

To sum up, the successful development of this system plays a vital role in the sharing of electric bicycle power supply, can ensure the sharing of electric bicycle in the shortest time enough. After such a system is fully developed, it is beneficial to relevant enterprises, users and even the development of society as a whole.

Keywords: Shared Electric Cycling; Power replenishment MATLAB tsp algorithm

目录

第一章 引言 1

1.1 开发背景和意义 1

1.2 研究现状 1

1.3 研究的方法 4

1.4 论文的结构 4

1.5 本章小结 4

第二章 可行性分析与需求分析 6

2.1可行性分析 6

2.1.1 技术可行性 6

2.1.2 经济可行性 6

2.1.3 社会可行性 6

2.1.4 营运可行性 6

2.1.5操作可行性 7

2.2 需求分析 7

2.2.1 系统开发的目的 7

2.2.2 系统的开发要求 7

2.2.3 系统的主要功能 7

2.2.4 系统的E-R图 8

2.2.5系统角色分析 10

2.3 本章小结 10

第三章 系统概要设计 11

3.1系统的开发环境和相关技术 11

3.1.1开发环境 11

3.1.2 MATLAB语言 11

3.1.3 TSP问题 11

3.1.4 精确算法 12

3.1.5 近似算法 13

3.1.6图形用户界面 16

3.2本章小结 16

第四章 系统的详细设计与实现 18

4.1算法原理 18

4.2 算法设计 18

4.2.1 产生初始种群 18

4.2.2 选择操作 18

4.3 系统设计 19

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