论文总字数：24352字

摘 要

论文作者签名：＿郭振飞＿导师签名：＿张国柱＿日期：2019.05.29

高地温隧道热灾控制技术

21815140 郭振飞

指导教师 张国柱 副教授

摘要

随着我国“一带一路”战略和西部大开发的深入推进，超深埋超长隧道工程与日俱增，高海拔超深埋超长隧道高地温热灾问题日益突出，成为隧道工程界遇到的新难题。隧道高地温热灾导致施工人员劳动能力降低，机械设备故障率显著升高，严重降低施工工效。现有的降温措施诸如通风降温、制冰降温等存在高能耗、降温效率低等局限，无法满足高地温隧道施工需要。基于此，本文对高地温隧道的热量分布时空特征进行考察，研究隧道热灾的形成机理与影响因素，归纳总结现有的隧道施工降温技术，分析其不足并提出相应的改进方式。

本文提出隧道热灾控制新技术：隧道相变蓄冷降温系统。将相变储能技术应用于隧道降温，可实现高海拔超深埋超长隧道的洞口冷源和洞内热源的跨时空利用。文章系统详细的介绍了相变板蓄冷降温系统的机理和运行机制，明确其主要参数。并使用功能强大的多场耦合软件COMSOL Multiphysics5.3软件进行建模，研究相变蓄冷系统对隧道周围温度场的影响情况。通过改变模型中的相变材料的相变潜热、导热系数、相变温度以及隧道风速，探究了各参数的敏感性。最后，将本文模型运用于工程实例—川藏铁路桑珠岭隧道，在辅以常规降温技术的情况下，对其围岩温度场的时空变化规律进行模拟，结合该隧道的实际情况，对其隧道热灾控制情况进行评价并提出建议。

关键词：隧道热灾；降温技术；相变蓄冷；数值模拟

Thermal hazard control technology for high ground temperature tunnel

21815140 Guo Zhenfei

Supervised by Zhang Guozhu

Abstract

With the further development of "One Belt And One Road" strategy and the development of western China, the ultra-deep and ultra-long tunnel engineering is increasing day by day, and the problem of high altitude ultra-deep and ultra-long tunnel thermal disaster is increasingly prominent, which has become a new problem in the field of tunnel engineering. The thermal disaster in the upland of the tunnel reduced the labor capacity of the construction personnel, significantly increased the failure rate of mechanical equipment, and seriously reduced the construction efficiency. The existing cooling measures, such as ventilation cooling and ice cooling, have the limitations of high energy consumption and low cooling efficiency, which cannot meet the construction needs of the tunnel with high ground temperature. Based on this, this paper studies the formation mechanism and influencing factors of tunnel thermal hazard, summarizes the existing cooling technology for tunnel construction, analyzes its shortcomings and proposes corresponding improvement methods.

This paper presents a new technique for thermal hazard control in tunnels: phase-change storage cooling system. The application of phase-change energy storage technology to tunnel cooling can realize the utilization of the cold source at the entrance of the tunnel and the heat source inside the tunnel. The powerful multi-field coupling software COMSOL Multiphysics was used for modeling to study the influence of the phase change cold storage system on the temperature field around the tunnel. By changing the type of phase change material in the model and the initial temperature field of the tunnel, the sensitivity of each parameter was explored. Finally, the model of this paper is applied to an engineering example -- sangzhuling tunnel of sichuan-tibet railway. With the aid of conventional cooling technology, the time-space variation law of the surrounding rock temperature field is simulated. Combined with the actual situation of the tunnel, the thermal disaster control situation of the tunnel is evaluated and Suggestions are put forward.

Key words: tunnel heat disaster; cooling technology; phase change storage; the numerical simulation

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1项目的研究背景和意义 1

1.2研究现状 1

1.2.1围岩传热研究 2

1.2.2隧道降温技术研究 2

1.3本文研究内容 2

第二章 高地温隧道热灾研究 4

2.1地温场分布特征 4

2.1.1空间特征 4

2.1.2随时间变化规律 4

2.2隧道热灾形成机理 4

2.2.1初始地温场成因机制 4

2.3隧道温度场的主要影响因素 5

2.3.1围岩温度 5

2.3.2围岩导热系数 5

2.3.3环境温度及通风条件 6

第三章 高地温隧道热灾控制技术 7

3.1通风降温 7

3.1.1通风速度 7

3.1.2风机布置 7

3.2制冰、洒水降温 8

3.3隔热降温 8

3.3.1铺设隔热层 8

3.3.2改良混凝土 9

3.4热灾预防 9

3.4.1地下热水防治 9

3.4.2人员、机器防护 9

3.5隧道热灾控制技术综合评价 10

第四章 相变板蓄冷降温技术 12

4.1相变材料简介 12

4.2相变蓄冷的主要参数 12

4.2.1相变温度 12

4.2.2相变潜热 12

4.2.3导热系数 13

4.3相变蓄冷降温技术 13

4.3.1需求分析 14

4.3.2系统运行原理简介 14

4.3.3相变板内部换热管路设计 14

第五章 工程实例研究——以桑珠岭隧道为例 17

5.1工程概况简介 17

5.2 COMSOL Multiphysics5.3软件简介 17

5.3模型建立 17

5.3.1模型几何尺寸 17

5.3.2相变材料的选取与制备 18

5.3.3通风速度 19

5.3.4初始温度设定 19

5.3.5边界条件 19

5.4计算结果 20

5.4.1相变板蓄冷降温效果分析 20

5.4.2风速的影响 21

5.4.3材料导热系数与相变潜热的影响 22

第六章 结论与展望 23

6.1主要结论 23

6.2前景展望 24

参考文献 25

致谢 26

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