论文总字数：26286字

摘 要

夏热冬冷地区外墙等围护结构在降低建筑能源消耗方面的特点是本文要研究的主要问题。选择夏热冬冷地区的原因是该地区冬季寒冷，夏季炎热，气候随时间的变化大，对舒适的室内环境形成了极大的挑战。如果能通过研究该地区围护结构在降低建筑能耗方面的性能，找到使住宅建筑维持良好舒适的室内环境的方法，建筑能耗将因此得到很大的减少。

本文的行文思路是：先在能源短缺、建筑能源消耗高的大背景下对建筑能耗的构成和建筑常见的热过程进行分析；然后具体到夏热冬冷地区，对外窗等常见的外围护结构进行分类；再通过借鉴大量文献中的实验数据和结果，通过对比分析来定量形象地体现各种围护结构在减少能耗方面的有效程度；最后在之前的分析结果的基础上，讨论外墙、外门窗等围护结构在夏热冬冷地区的适用性。

本文经过参阅和研究分析，结论如下：

（1）认真分析了针对建筑物的外部围护结构的多种节约能源改善措施的影响，包括内外遮阳、节能外墙等；

（2）确定了外墙最合适的太阳辐射吸收率是0.2；外保温层的形式及最适宜厚度需要根据工程实际来确定；窗墙比在不影响采光、通风的条件下，越小越好；外窗玻璃的类型中Low-E玻璃和中空玻璃、镀膜玻璃都能起到很好的节能效果；最佳的遮阳形式是活动遮阳，但是综合遮阳、水平和垂直遮阳在某些地区也能实现很好的节能效果。

本文的研究再次证明了外围护结构的性能设计对于降低建筑能耗的明显的效果，在实际工程中应该得到重视和大力推广。

关键词：夏热冬冷地区；建筑节能；围护结构；数据分析

Abstract

The research content of this article is the energy saving performance of building enclosure structure in the hot summer and cold winter area. It’s hot in summer and cold in winter with the climate changing obviously, formed great challenge on the comfortable indoor environment .If we can reduce the building energy consumption through researching the enclosure structure and find the best residential construction to maintain comfortable indoor environment, it will be of great significance to reduce building energy consumption and reduce the dependence on the air conditioning and so on.

Building energy efficiency measures first began from the building envelope performance improving. The article first analyzed the construction of the building energy consumption and common thermal process in the background of energy shortage and the high energy consumption of building. Then it classified the common envelope structure such as external wall, external doors and windows, roof, classify ground according to the climate characteristics of hot summer and cold winter region. Again through referring to a large number of literature and the experimental data and results, it vividly reflected the effectiveness in reducing energy consumption of various envelope structures. Finally it discussed the applicability of the envelope structure in hot summer and cold winter area.

After referring to the analysis and research, this paper draws the conclusions as follows:

(1) The influence of various envelope structures is studied in detail, including energy conservation, energy saving glass, inside and outside shading, etc.

(2) Determine the most suitable solar radiation absorption rate of the outer wall is 0.2; We need to determine the most appropriate form of external thermal insulation layer and the thickness according to the engineering practice; Window to wall should be as small as possible under the condition of not affecting daylighting and ventilated; Among the types of outside the window, Low-e glass and hollow glass, coated glass can have very good energy saving effect; The best form of sun shading is activity shading, but integrated shading, the horizontal and vertical sunshade in certain areas can also achieve good energy saving effect.

The research in this paper proved the obvious effect that the performance of the structure design to reduce building energy consumption again. We should pay more attention to various envelope structures and vigorously promote them in actual engineering.

Key words: Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone; Building energy conservation; Envelope structure; the data analysis

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2建筑能耗的重要角色 1

1.3围护结构与建筑节能的关系 1

1.4国内外建筑围护结构节能现状 2

1.4.1国外建筑围护结构节能现状 2

1.4.2国内建筑围护结构节能现状 2

1.5本文研究内容及技术路线 3

第二章 夏热冬冷地区及围护结构的特点 4

2.1气候特点 4

2.2夏热冬冷地区建筑能耗的构成 5

2.3围护结构的分类及其特点 6

第三章 各围护结构节能技术的效果分析 9

3.1外墙节能技术与措施 9

3.1.1外墙的太阳辐射吸收率 9

3.1.2外保温层构造及厚度 9

3.2窗墙比（从地板到天花板） 12

3.3屋面节能技术与措施 15

3.3.1实体材料层节能屋面 15

3.3.2种植屋面 16

3.3.3蓄水屋面 17

3.4外窗节能技术与措施 18

3.4.1窗户玻璃类型 19

3.4.2窗框类型 21

3.5遮阳节能技术与措施 23

3.5.1遮阳的形式 23

3.5.2遮阳板的外 挑长度 24

第四章 结论与展望 26

4.1结论 26

4.2展望 26

致谢 28

参考文献（References） 29

1. 绪论

1.1研究背景及意义

近年来，我国经济不断发展，科技水平得到提高，人们的生活质量也有了很大的改善。但与此同时各种能源的需求也大大增长，使得资源出现严重短缺的现象。而且对各种资源的过度开发也导致了严重的环境恶化。我国是发展中国家，经济发展水平还略微低于发达国家，但是能源消耗量却已是仅次于美国的世界第二大国，能源消耗量如此之大将会严重制约经济的发展。综上所述可知，目前解决经济发展速度和质量以及能源消耗所存在的问题的主要途径就是提高能源利用率，节约能源。

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