论文总字数：30990字

摘 要

能源站空调系统广泛应用于区域供冷供热，采用集中管理的方法，实现高效运行。而现今能源站主要存在的问题是设备利用率较低、系统负荷率偏低，导致设备长时间在偏离最优工况点附近运行，系统能效较低。同时能源站空调系统供冷、供热区域大，其逐时冷、热负荷受环境参数变化及室内参数扰动幅度较大，因而在不同负荷率下，通过优化系统运行参数对实现能源站空调系统能效的提升十分重要。

本文对南京某能源站分析，通过软件对能源站所供建筑建模并得到系统全年逐时负荷，由负荷计算分析可知，该能源站空调系统全年负荷变化大，且在63.9%的运行时间内负荷率低于0.6。

由于能源站地源热泵系统各设备内部参数无法完整获知，且无大量历史数据以供黑箱拟合，因此本文通过对各部件内部机理分析，集总出特征参数，再用少量数据拟合分析，求解特征参数，从而获得完整的地源热泵系统数学模型。经验证该模型在不同负荷率下运行情况与实际工况较为符合，可表征变工况下地源热泵的机组性能。

通过仿真模拟可知，单变量情况下降低冷却水供水温度，则制热量增加，系统COP增大；降低地源侧或空调侧水流量，则制热量减小，系统COP增大。根据不同负荷率，在冷却水供水温度、地源侧水流量、空调侧水流量同时变化情况下进行仿真寻优，结合机组启停台数，得出能源站系统节能优化运行策略。

关键词：负荷预测，地源热泵系统，特征参数，仿真模拟，优化运行

Abstract

The energy station is widely used for its centralized management and efficient operation. However, the low equipment utilization rate and low load rate result in the equipment running far from the point of optimal working condition for the most time, which leads to low system energy efficiency. At the mean time, considering the multiple region which the energy station system supplied for, its hourly cooling and heating loads are greatly affected by the change of outdoorand indoor parameter disturbances. Therefore, it is of great importance to optimize the energy efficiency of the air-conditioning system of the energy station by optimizing system operating parameters under different load rates.

This paper focus on a particular energy station in Nanjing. The building of the energy station is modeled by software and the hourly load of the system is obtained throughout the year. According to the load calculation and analysis, the annual load change rate of the air-conditioning system in this energy station is large. The load rate is lower than 0.6 in 63.9% operating time.

Since we don’t have enough historical data and the internal parameters of equipment of the ground source heat pump system are unknown. In this paper, the internal mechanism of the system is analyzed and the characteristic parameters are lumped together. Then, the characteristic parameters are obtained by fitting analysis with a small amount of data. In the end we obtain a complete ground source heat pump system mathematical model. It is proved that the model is in good agreement with the actual working conditions under different load rates,which can characterize the performance of GSHP units under different working conditions.

Through simulation, it can be seen that when the cooling water temperature is reduced, the heating and the COP of the system increase. When the water flow at the source side or the air conditioning side is reduced, the heating is reduced while the COP of the system is increased. According to different load rates, the simulation optimization is carried out under the condition that the cooling water temperature, ground source side water flow and air conditioning side water flow change at the same time. Combined with the control of the number of the operating water chillers, the energy saving optimization operation strategy of the energy station system is obtained.

KEY WORDS: Load forecasting, ground source heat pump system, characteristic parameters, simulation, optimization operation

目 录

摘要…………………………………….………………………………………………..............Ⅰ

Abstract………………………………….………………………………………………………..……Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题研究背景及意义 1

1.1.1研究背景 1

1.1.2课题意义 1

1.2国内外研究概况 2

1.3论文研究内容 2

1.4本章小结 3

第二章 能源站负荷预测 4

2.1区域建筑负荷预测方法比较 4

2.2能源站全年负荷特性分析 4

2.2.1建筑物理模型 4

2.2.2负荷模拟 5

2.2.3结果分析 6

2.3本章小结 8

第三章 能源站系统模型建立 9

3.1能源站空调系统概况 9

3.2能源站系统建模方法 9

3.3设备建模 10

3.3.1压缩机模型建立 10

3.3.2冷凝器模型建立 11

3.3.3蒸发器模型建立 13

3.3.4地埋管模型建立 14

3.3.5水泵模型建立 16

3.4本章小结 17

第四章 模型的仿真与验证 18

4.1能源站热泵系统模型 18

4.2特征参数的求取 19

4.2.1热泵机组特征参数求取 19

4.2.2水泵特征参数求解 21

4.3 数学模型验证 22

4.3.1地源热泵模型验证 22

4.3.2水泵模型验证 24

4.4本章小结 24

第五章 能源站运行优化研究 25

5.1系统优化问题分析 25

5.2单变量下优化运行研究 25

5.2.1变冷却水供水温度 25

5.2.2变空调侧水流量 27

5.2.3变地源侧水流量 28

5.3多变量下优化运行策略 29

5.3.1寻优设计 29

5.3.2结果分析 30

5.4本章小结 31

第六章 总结与展望 32

参考文献…………………………….……………………………………………………….....33

致谢……………………………….…………………………………………………………….34

绪论

1.1课题研究背景及意义

1.1.1研究背景

随着世界经济的快速增长，消费的不断拉动，对能源的需求与依赖日益加大。虽然地球能量资源广博，但其开发能力的增长抵不过消费量的增长，并且如今使用的能源相当一部分为不可再生能源，从可持续发展的要求来看，能源结构优化迫在眉睫。因而近年来除了传统的化石能源，太阳能、风能、地热能等可再生能源的发展利用得到了足够重视。另一方面，能源的大量、低效利用伴随着空气污染、水质、地质等生态环境的破坏，导致了温室效应、全球变暖等生态问题。在世界范围内，能源的开发与节能技术的推广都是一个重要的课题。

剩余内容已隐藏，请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：30990字