浅谈缓解幼儿入园焦虑的策略：家园合作

论文总字数：8417字

摘 要

当孩子们离开家，来到一个陌生的幼儿园时，不可避免的会出现生理或心理上的失调，这就是入园焦虑。幼儿入园焦虑是一种正常的现象，但如果焦虑过度或持续时间过长，就会影响幼儿在园的生活，甚至会影响幼儿的性格和社会行为。因此，家园通力合作缓解幼儿入园焦虑非常必要。在本文中，笔者主要从以下几个方面探讨幼儿入园焦虑：首先是家园合作的内涵与意义；其次是入园焦虑的定义、成因、表现和影响；最后是缓解幼儿入园焦虑的策略。

关键词：入园焦虑，解决对策，家园合作

Abstract: When children leave their homes and get into the kindergartens where they feel totally strange, inevitably, they will lose their balance either physically or psychologically, which is called kindergarten entrance anxiety. It is normal for kids to have kindergarten entrance anxiety. Nevertheless, it will do exert much negative influence upon children"s life even on the forming of their characters and social behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary for kindergartens and homes to earnestly cooperate with each other to alleviate children"s anxiety. This essay discusses children"s kindergarten entrance anxiety mainly from the following three parts. The first part is about the meaning and significance of the cooperation between kindergartens and homes. The second part gives the definition, causes as well as features and influence of kindergarten entrance anxiety.The last part is about strategies to tackle children"s anxiety.

Key words: kindergarten entrance anxiety, strategies, cooperation between homes and kindergartens

目录

1 家园合作··················································4

1.1 家园合作的内涵··········································4

1.2 家园合作的意义··········································4

2 入园焦虑··················································4

2.1 入园焦虑的定义与表现····································4

2.2 入园焦虑的成因··········································5

2.3 入园焦虑的影响··········································5

3 缓解入园焦虑的策略········································5

3.1 入园前家长准备工作······································5

3.2 入园后教师环境布置······································7

3.3 教师与家长相互交流与配合································8

结论·························································10

参考文献·····················································11

1 家园合作

1.1 家园合作的内涵

家园合作是指幼儿家庭和幼儿园作为幼儿生活的两大主要环境的相互配合，是幼儿家长与幼儿教师以幼儿为主体，并相互合作，共同促进幼儿健康发展。家园合作工作中既包括幼儿园教育对家庭教育的引导和规范，也包括家庭教育对幼儿园教育的支持与补充，两者没有主次之分，属于平等地位。因此，家园合作是幼儿教师与幼儿、幼儿家长双向互动的过程，也是幼儿教育与家庭教育相互支持，相得益彰的过程^【1】。

1.2 家园合作的意义

苏霍姆林斯基曾经说过，儿童“只有在这样的条件下才能实现和谐的、全面的发展：两个教育者——学校和家庭，不仅要一致行动，向儿童提出同样的要求，而且要志同道合，抱着一致的信念，始终从同样的原则出发，无论在教育目的上、过程上，还是手段上，都不要发生分歧”^【2】。幼儿园和家庭是学前儿童生活的两大主要环境，对幼儿性格及社会行为的发展具有核心的影响作用。在幼儿入园初期，由于生理、心理等各方面的原因，幼儿会产生分离焦虑。在此时，需要家长和幼儿教师共同合作，帮助幼儿度过入园焦虑期。家园合作一方面可以让幼儿教师迅速熟悉幼儿的兴趣、爱好、特点，了解幼儿的家庭成长环境和教养方式，为幼儿的健康和谐发展创设良好的教育环境，为幼儿家长提供科学可行的建议；另一方面也可以让家长及时了解幼儿在园表现，熟悉幼儿园的工作，为幼儿园工作提供支持与帮助。因此，家园合作是幼儿健康发展的需要，是幼儿家长提高自身素质，转变教育观念的需要，也是幼儿教师工作快速有效开展的需要。

2 入园焦虑

2.1 入园焦虑的定义与表现

幼儿入园焦虑又叫分离焦虑，是指幼儿入园时与亲密的抚养者分离所表现出的不安情绪和异常行为^【3】，主要表现为大哭大闹，默默无语，拒绝吃饭睡觉，拒绝和别的小朋友游戏以及头痛，尿频,大小便失禁，攻击性行为等。幼儿入园焦虑具有反复性与周期性。一般幼儿入园焦虑持续时间为1至3个月，有的幼儿刚入园时哭闹的特别厉害，随后逐渐适应，停止哭闹；有的幼儿刚入园时并没有哭闹等异常行为，对去幼儿园表现出极大的兴奋与好奇，而随着时间推移，新鲜感的消失，他们开始哭闹起来；有的幼儿并不哭闹，但大小便非常频繁，有时并非是真的需要大小便，只是因为过于紧张焦虑；还有的幼儿在焦虑时甚至出现打人、骂人、咬人的现象。对于这些入园焦虑现象我们必须分析原因，并帮其缓解。

2.2 入园焦虑的成因

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