论文总字数：19465字

摘 要

本文分析比较冯延、晏殊词中的季节书写，探索二人季节书写的特点和所蕴含的情感思致及原因。两位词人善于以自然意象提示季节更替、表现时间流逝、寄予个人情思感怀。冯延巳在写春季时尤其喜爱重复组合使用草等青色意象，而描写秋景词较多的晏殊则尤其偏爱写莲和露。冯延巳多以冷色调渲染物色，大量使用以“金”、“朱”为色彩词的台阁、器物等意象加重了景致氛围的压抑感，给人带来抑郁颓靡的感觉。且冯延巳更善于使用自然界的声音烘托环境之安静、凄清，表现出怅惘哀怨的心境。这种心境是受到国家败落、党争激烈等社会历史原因的影响，也源于冯因志大才疏而谄媚君主、患得患失的挣扎和不安。晏殊偏爱以多种暖色调意象组合表现景物，其笔下的季节多彩明丽、富有生机。晏殊词中更多表现出一种平和温雅、从容不迫的气韵和“乐而不淫，哀而不伤”的情致。这体现出作为太平宰相的晏殊不仅为人沉稳慎重、心胸宽广，更具有中庸、圆融的处世哲学与政治智慧，表现出其和婉、豁达的心境。冯、晏季节书写中饱含的生命意识包括因宇宙之无穷痛感人寿之短暂、青春之易逝；珍惜当下、及时行乐的生命意识；对生命及人生的思考和体悟；对自然界其他生命的观照。

关键词： 冯延巳，晏殊，季节书写，生命意识

Abstract

In this thesis, the author compared the seasonal writing between FENG Yansi and YAN Shu ‘s works, exploring the distinguishing features, emotion, thoughts and the reasons. The two writers often used some nature images to point that seasons were changing, to show that time was flying and to express their emotion and thoughts. FENG Yansi gave preference to greens like grass to describe Spring. YAN Shu who wrote more works about Fall liked to describe lotus and dew. In FENG Yansi ‘s seasonal writing, most images were in cool colors. And there were a lot of buildings and implements that were “JIN” and “ZHU”(colors) in FENG ‘s writing, which enhanced the depression in the environment to let people feel gloomy and dispirted. What’s more ,FENG was better at describing the sounds in the nature to exaggerate the silence and to express his sadness and hidden bitterness. This was because FENG ‘s country was declining and the politics was ina mess. And this was also influenced by his strong anxiety that he was not able to keep the emperor ’s trust. YAN Shu gave a preference to use images in warm colors to describe seasons, so his seasonal writing was colorful and light and active. From YAN ‘s writing, you could feel calmness and gentleness . This was because YAN who was a prime minister in Beisong was stable and he knew how to treat others well. The seasonal writing showed YAN ‘s open and mild emotion. FENG and YAN ‘s seasonal writing showed some life consciousness, including that ,people’s lives were so short compared with the eternal nature, valuing NOW and enjoying yourselves, having deep thoughts about life and living ways,paying attention to other lives in nature.

KEY WRORDS: FENG Yansi, YAN Shu, seasonal writing , life consciousness.

目录

摘要 I

Abstract 4

第一章 冯、晏词的季节背景 6

第二章 冯、晏季节书写中的自然意象 7

第一节 “燕”、“柳”、“草”、“梅”与冬、春季书写 7

（一）冯、晏词中的“燕” 7

（二）冯、晏词中的“梅”与“柳” 8

（三）冯延巳词中的“草” 9

第二节 “雁”、“露”、“莲”与夏、秋季书写 10

（一）冯、晏词中的“雁” 10

（二）晏殊词中的“露” 11

（三）晏殊词中的“莲” 12

第三章 冯、晏季节书写中的声与色 13

第一节 从色彩角度分析冯晏、季节书写 13

第二节 冯、晏季节书写中的声音 16

第四章 冯、晏季节书写中的情感意蕴 18

第一节 冯延巳季节书写中的情感意蕴 18

第二节 晏殊季节书写中的情感意蕴 19

第五章 冯、晏季节书写与生命意识 22

结论 24

致谢 25

参考文献 26

第一章 冯、晏词的季节背景

为了研究冯延巳《阳春集》、晏殊《珠玉词》中的季节书写，我们首先需要对冯、晏二人词作创作的季节背景进行统计、比较，结果如下表：

在以上表格中所统计的冯、晏词作都涉及对季节的描写、表现，而不是仅仅将季节作为一种时间背景的简单陈述。以晏殊《珠玉词》中的《望仙门》为例：“玉壶清漏起微凉。好秋光。金杯重叠满琼浆。会仙乡。 新曲词丝管，新声更飐霓裳。博山炉暖泛浓香。泛浓香。为寿百千长”^[1]，该词中虽有“好秋光”一句提及了秋季，但是宴饮应酬、祝福祈愿才是该词通篇所叙写的，几乎没有关于季节景致、物色的描写，所以该词是不在本篇论文研究范围内的。当然还有一些词作虽然有对自然物象的描绘，但没有季节特点，无法判断其季节背景，这样的作品也不作为本文的研究对象。

如上述说明，本篇论文研究的对象为冯延巳《阳春集》中的81首和晏殊《珠玉词》中的107首。我们发现这些词作以春（从早春到残春）、秋（从初秋到晚秋）景词为主，其中，冯延巳词的季节书写春景较秋景多，而晏殊词的季节书写秋景较春景多。故而在后文中主要分析比较二人春、秋季的季节书写。

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