朱淑真在明清时期的接受与影响研究

 2022-04-13 19:59:47

论文总字数:32842字

摘 要

作为知名度仅次于李清照的宋代女作家,朱淑真的文名在明代才逐渐彰显。本文通过研究朱淑真及其作品在明清两代的接受和影响,试图解答朱淑真失贞的观点从何而来,如何传播,造成何等影响,当时的女性如何看待自己的社会定位等问题。明清两代文坛主流对朱淑真的评价可以分为两类——文学和伦理。文学上既有认同朱淑真的文学成就者,也有认为其作品性情不正、骨韵不高者。伦理上则以“柳梢月上”论战为中心,辩论朱淑真是否失贞。朱淑真在俗文学中的形象为红颜薄命且婚前失贞的才女,故事主要传达了一种贞洁高过才华的思想观念。至于具有相同性别的明清女作家,既有欣赏朱淑真的创作风格且化用朱淑真作品者,也有因境遇类似而共情怜悯者,她们既从才女文化中受益,也在某种程度上被禁锢,而她们在固有的社会体系下,只能选择顺从并借力打力来获取更多的生存空间。在传播接受的过程中,朱淑真本身已经不再重要,她逐渐变成了一个寄托抒情或表达个人伦理观念的符号。

关键词:朱淑真,明清,女作家,接受

Abstract

As a female writer of the Song Dynasty who was second only to Li Qingzhao, Zhu Shuzhen had gradually became famous in the Ming Dynasty. By studying the acceptance and influence of Zhu Shuzhen and her works in the Ming and Qing Dynasty , I tried to answer some questions, such as how/why Zhu Shuzhen came up with the kind of view about losing virginity, how the view spread, then made impact on women at that time, and how they thought/evaluate about social position of themselves and other issues,etc.

Evaluation of Zhu Shuzhen in the literary circle of the Ming and Qing dynasty can be divided into two categories: Literature and Ethics. From the point of view of literature, there are both those who agree with Zhu Shuzhen's literary achievements and those who think her works are not profound in meaning and refined. In ethics, people with "Willow Shoots on the Moon" as the center, debate whether Zhu Shuzhen lost her virginity.

Zhu Shuzhen’s role in popular literature is a talented woman who lost her premarital with short life. Her story mainly conveys a kind of ideas that are chastity is above talent. As for other female writers of the Ming and Qing Dynasty, some people appreciated Zhu Shuzhen’s style of creation and imitated her works, while some people had empathy for similar situations. They benefited from the talented women’s culture and were also imprisoned to some extent.

However, in the inherent social system, they could only choose to obey and fight to gain more living space. In the process of spreading and accepting, comments on Zhu Shuzhen herself are not so important as initial while she having became an image of expressing lyric or personal ethics.

KEY WORDS:Zhu Shuzhen , Ming Dynasty , Qing Dynasty , female writers

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract i

绪论 iii

第一章 朱淑真其人其作 1

第一节 朱淑真生平及作品 1

第二节 朱淑真形象在俗文学中的演绎 3

第二章 朱淑真及其作品的接受与影响 6

第一节 明代以前的接受与影响 6

第二节 在明代的接受与影响 7

第三节 在清代的接受与影响 9

第三章 朱淑真对明清女作家产生的影响 12

第一节 创作中对作品的效仿 12

第二节 对女作家创作心理的影响 13

第三节 同性之间的情感共鸣 14

总结 16

参考文献 17

致谢 22

绪论

朱淑真是知名度仅次于李清照的宋代女作家。最早的朱淑真作品整理由魏仲恭完成,他收集整理了朱淑真的遗稿并题名《断肠集》,后经郑元佐作注并刊行于世,最早见于明代杨士奇文渊阁书目,未注卷数。到明代高儒《百川书志》才著录较详:“《断肠诗》十卷,《后集》八卷,钱塘朱淑真撰,魏端礼辑,钱塘郑元佐为之注。”明代毛晋将朱淑真《断肠词》与李清照《漱玉词》合刊于《诗词杂俎》。本文以2016年中华书局出版,由冀勤辑校的《朱淑真集注》为参考,其中收录了朱淑真现存的所有作品,诗集以清代汪艺芸书舍影元钞本作为底本,以民国南陵徐氏影印元刻本、明代潘是仁《宋元诗·断肠集》自刻本、清钞本、清刘屡芬钞本等为校本,词集以毛晋汲古阁本为底本,四印齐本和《诗词杂俎》为校本,共收录诗作337首,词作33阕。

朱淑真诗词“清新婉丽、蓄思含情,能道人意中事”[1],明清时期朱淑真其人其作亦受到文人广泛关注。宋元时期选录朱淑真作品的有托名刘克庄的《后村千家诗》选62首诗,陈景沂编《全芳备祖》选11首诗3首词,谢枋编《千家诗》选2首诗,《十大曲》[2]1篇等,共4部文献收录朱淑真作品,收录了75首诗和4首词。到了明代,托名钟惺的《名媛诗归》收录诗作132首,是收录朱淑真诗数目最多的选本。卓人月《古今词统》选录1首诗3首词。陈霆所著《渚山堂词话》收录4首词,陈耀文《花草粹编》选录25首词,潘游龙《精选古今诗馀酔》选录3首词,共有5部文献选录朱淑真作品。清代有陆昶编著《历朝名媛诗词》收录27首诗4首词,沈辰垣著《御轩历代诗余》选录18首词,周铭著《林下词选》收录11首词,厉鹗《宋诗纪事》选5首诗,管庭芬《宋诗钞补》选录4首诗,朱彝尊《词宗》选录5首词,陈廷焯《词则》选录3首词,颜希源《百美新咏》、徐本立《词律拾遗》、汪灏《广群芳钞》、秦巘《词系》、董毅《续词选》各选录一首词。词选书目共13本51首,远远超过诗选3本36首。可见清人对朱淑真词作艺术成就的认可。

现代张璋、黄畲的校注本《朱淑真集》与冀勤辑校的《朱淑真集注》均收录朱淑真诗337首,词作33阕,是收录朱淑真作品最完备的两个版本。由于张璋、黄畲校注本《朱淑真集》收录词作33首是沿用了冀勤《朱淑真佚作拾遗》的观点,且冀勤辑校的《朱淑真集注》中所收诗作与张璋、黄畲版校注本出入不大,又因冀勤辑校的《朱淑真集注》分序跋、书录、业论三部分,辑集了南宋以来包括现代学者的研究资料,所以本文主要以冀勤辑校《朱淑真集注》为参考。

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