论文总字数：26804字

摘 要

很多学者对红楼梦的译本对比分析过，有的人从翻译策略的角度，有的人从文化背景的角度，也有人仅仅从归化异化的角度分析。红楼梦诗词的质量翻译很大程度上决定了整个红楼梦的翻译质量。在这篇论文中，我选取了两位翻译家的翻译作品，因为他们的翻译是红楼梦译本的为大家所认可的经典之作。他们就是杨宪益夫妇和大卫•霍克斯。为了对红楼梦中警幻仙子赋有更好地理解，我会从语言类型、语言策略、修辞和文化几个方面对翻译作品进行分析。通过仔细分析，希望读者更好地了解译者翻译风格的特别之处。

关键词：警幻仙子赋; 翻译; 对比分析

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 1

3.Translations of “An Ode to Faerie” 2

3.1 An Ode to Faerie 2

3.2 Yang’s Translation 3

3.3 Hawkes’s Translation 5

4. Contrastive Analysis 6

4.1 Language Type 7

4.1.1 Parataxis and Hypotaxis 7

4.1.2 Static and Dynamic 7

4.2 Language Strategy 8

4.2.1 Foreignization and Domestication 8

4.2.2 Literal Translation and Free Translation 9

4.3 Rhetorics 10

4.3.1 Rhetoric in Rhyme 10

4.3.2 Rhetoric in Semantic 11

4.3.3 Rhetoric in Structure 13

4.4 Culture 13

4.4.1 Social Culture 13

4.4.2 Language Culture 14

5.Conclusion 15

Works Cited 16

1. Introduction

Hong Lou Meng is one of China’s four great classics,and there are many translations about it. The very famous translators are:Yang Xianyi (and his wife Glads), David Hawkes. However, their understandings of Hong Lou Meng differ from each other due to different cultures and education backgrounds. Therefore, the way of translation cannot be the same. I choose “An Ode to Faerie” from Hong Lou Meng. And I make contrastive analysis of their translations from Language Type, Language Strategy, Rhetorics and Culture. Many scholars have ever discussed about Hong Lou Meng. Some have ever analyzed clothing, and some have ever discussed about character image. I also find many have made contrastive analysis of verses. However, there is no much study on the translation of “An Ode to Faerie”. And most of those scholars choose only one certain aspect to make analysis. In this paper, I will make a comprehensive analysis of these two translations so that readers can have a deep and all-round understanding of Yang’s and Hawkes’s translations.

2. Literature Review

Poetry occupies an important position in Hong Lou Meng throughout the whole book always. Therefore, many translators pay attention to the analysis of poetry when analyzing Hong Lou Meng. Ma Xiaohong has ever analyzed from ‘the limitation of translation in verdicts in Hong Lou Meng’. She thinks although Yang’s translation is among the best translations of Chinese classic novels, there are still some details with a little bit pity, such as the verdicts of Twelve Beauties in jinling. Those limitations include separation and combination of Chinese characters and harmonics of Chinese characters. Another translator Di Zhenghong analyzes the ‘untranslatability of poems in Hong Lou Meng’. He analyzes it from the perspective of linguistic and cultural untranslatability by taking several translated English poems for examples. Meanwhile, in light of the phenomenon of untranslatability he points out the compensation strategies in translating classic poems in the novel to remedy the lose of translated poems in target language. The scholar Li Zhijian analyzes on ‘the translation of lantern riddles from the schema theory perspective’. Combining with three major difficulties in riddle translation, he intends to preserve the unique style of lantern riddles through solving the three difficulties. I have found few scholars pay attention to the analysis of “An Ode to Faerie”. So in this paper I mainly choose Yang’s and Hawkes’s translations of “An Ode to Faerie” , and make a comprehensive analysis of these two translations.

3.Translations of “An Ode to Faerie”

Many translators have ever translated it, of whom Yang and Hawkes are the most remarkable ones. So in this paper I will mainly talk about their translations.

3.1 An Ode to Faerie

Different from other classical novels, verses in Hong Lou Meng are not dispensable. Most verses and characters and plots can be blended as a whole. The most impressive verse in Hong Lou Meng for me is “An Ode to Faerie”. About the value of ‘An Ode to Faerie”, academic point of view are not the same. The ode is a summary in the literature works which focuses on affection. Her Dreamland is the home to pitiful girls, where women’s life can get great freedom. So the faerie is a symbol of the female’s subject consciousness. The image of Faerie is created by Baoyu’s imagination, and this verse is similar to Caozhi’s （曹植） “Luo Shen Fu” in style. That is the reason why I select “An Ode to Faerie” from Hong Lou Meng. Here is the poetry.

警幻仙子赋（第五回）

方离柳坞，乍出花房。

但行处，鸟惊庭树。

将到时，影度回廊。

仙袂乍飘兮，闻麝兰之馥郁。

荷衣欲动兮，听环佩之铿锵。

靥笑春桃兮，云堆翠髻；

唇绽樱颗兮，榴齿含香。

纤腰之楚楚兮，回风舞雪；

珠翠之辉辉兮，满额鹅黄。

出没花间兮，宜嗔宜喜；

徘徊池上兮，若飞若扬。

蛾眉颦笑兮，将言而未语；

莲步乍移兮，待止而欲行。

羡彼之良质兮，冰清玉润；

羡彼之华服兮，闪灼文章。

爱彼之貌容兮，香培玉篆；

美彼之态度兮，凤翥龙翔。

其素若何，春梅绽雪；

其洁若何，秋菊被霜。

其静若何，松生空谷；

其艳若何，霞映澄塘。

其文若何，龙游曲沼；

其神若何，月射寒江。

应惭西子，实愧王嫱。

生于孰地？降自何方？

若非宴罢归来，瑶池不二；

定应吹箫引去，紫府无双者也。

(Cao Xueqin amp; Gao E, 1995:24 )

3.2 Yang’s Translation

Leaving the willow bank, she comes just now through the flowers.

Her approach startles birds in the trees in the court,

And soon her shadow falls across the verandah.

Her fairy sleeves, fluttering, give off a heady fragrance of musk and orchid.

With each rustle of her lotus garments, her jade pendants tinkle.

Her dimpled smile is peach-blossom in spring, her blue-black hair a cluster of clouds.

Her lips are cherries and sweet the breath from her pomegranate teeth.

The curve of her slender waist is snow whirled by the wind.

Dazzling her pearls and emeralds and gosling-gold the painted design on her forehead.

She slips in and out of the flowers, now vexed, now radiant,

And floats over the lake as if on wings.

Her mothlike eyebrows are knit yet there lurks a smile,

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