论文总字数：33926字

摘 要

在学习中，学习习惯有着重要意义。英语学习的过程是学生养成习惯的过程。培养学生养成良好的英语学习习惯对在教学中取得良好效果有着事半功倍的作用。小学生的英语学习主要以教师组织的课堂教学活动为主。针对小学生年龄心理特征，小学生良好的英语学习习惯的养成很大部分依赖于教师组织有效的课堂活动。因此，培养小学生养成良好的英语学习习惯是英语教师的重要任务。本文通过研究小学生英语学习，发现他们英语学习习惯中存在的问题及不足；分析影响小学生养成良好英语学习习惯的原因；提出教师在教学中培养小学生养成良好英语学习习惯可行的策略。

关键词：小学生；英语学习习惯；课堂教学

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 2

3. English Learning of Pupils 3

3.1 English Teaching Situation in Primary School 4

3.2 Factors of Affecting Pupils’ English Learning Habits 7

4. Stategies of developing Pupils" Good English Learning Habits 8

4.1 Creating Good Relationship between Teacher and Students 9

4.2 Developing Good English Learning Habits in Classroom Teaching 10

5. Conclusion 13

Works Cited 14

1. Introduction

With the rapidly development of globalization of economy and culture, English has become increasingly important. At present, English course has been set up in primary school for over ten years, the scale of English education has been continuously expanded. The current requirements have emerged as time demand. English belongs to the stage of basic education, according to the requirements of the promulgation of the new national English curriculum standard, the main tasks: to stimulate students" interest in learning English, to build students’ self-confidence, and develop good study habits, to master certain basic knowledge of English and language skills of listening, saying, reading, and writing. Primary school English curriculum stressed on laying the solid foundation for students’ lifelong learning and development more than just help students to learn English. English course should also involve strengthening their interest in learning English, growing self-discipline, perseverance and self-confidence. The curriculum should be adapted to the needs of personality development of different students, and promote the students" Humanistic quality. English is a language course, but also contain a variety of cultural knowledge. Learning English can not only expand knowledge, but also improve the overall quality of students. Primary school students’ English learning is mainly through the teaching classroom activities of teachers. Therefore, English teachers should take their responsibilities seriously. Good English learning habits including preparation before class, performance in class, revision after class, and perform in four aspects: listening, speaking, reading and writing.

Primary school is the initial stage of students-a special group to entering a new learning world. Usually, this group of students usually aged 6 to 12 years old. The age of the students have their own psychological characteristics. This is a age that full of curiosity. For them, every thing around is fresh and interesting. It also makes the children’ s nature- love playing. Active, lively are exclusive adjectives to described children at that age. The students at this stage, lack self-control, but trust teachers, in their eyes, teacher is the authority. what the teacher said is their belief, and they would like to do what the teacher asked to do. Therefore, teachers play an important role in their study and life.

Education is simply described by a famous educator Ye Shengtao,“It is to develop habits.” As for teachers, helping students to develop good study habits is a challenge but a useful teaching method to achieve teaching goals. English learning is a long process. Forming good habits of learning is an effective way to succeed in study. Especially in this special group - students in primary school. For their physical and mental development is still in the primary stage, many of them have few awareness of study habits. Good study habits of learning benefit students’ life-long learning. It will guide students to achieve good grades and lay a solid foundation for the future.

This paper studies on the cultivation of pupils’ English learning habits. The paper includes five sections. The first section is an introduction on the topic of the study, the requirements of English course and significance of the paper. The second section presents literature review on the cultivation on students’ English learning. The third section gives a overall situation of pupils" English learning. The fourth section provides some practical strategies for teachers to develop pupils’ good English learning habits. Finally, the paper make a conclusion of the topic.

1. Literature Review

English is a special language teaching, which contains listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Many scholars and teachers found that in the process of English Teaching, good study habits is one of important factors that influence the effects in English learning. Based on the characteristics of English, Some researchers divided English learning habits into three categories: preview before class, performance during class, review after class. Lin Yang stressed the importance of previewing and reviewing, in his article Develop Good Study Habits and Improve English, he pointed out that teachers should put forward specific content and method to students for both the preview or review lesson(Liu Yang, 2010: 159). In The Cultivation on Pupils’ English Learning Habits, Guan Min pointed out the need habit of previewing and reviewing in time, teachers have to assign students to preview work, let the students" autonomous learning, taking classes with their problems, in order to avoid forgetting, after-school, they need regular review lessons(Guan Min, 2009: 102-103). In Guo Haixin’s article Promote Pupils Develop Good English Study Habits in Primary Stage of Enlightenment, he proposed to urge the students to develop a habit of finishing homework in time, assign homework in the class(Guo Haixin, 2014: 48). At present, educators and experts focus on habits of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In listening, many teachers think that students should be trained to listen carefully. Wang Xuelian also proposed that students should not only listen carefully to the teacher, but also listen to their classmates, let the students have more opportunities to listen to English, design some questions in teaching content to force pupils listen carefully(Wang Xuelian, 2015: 354). Avoiding boring practice, to adopt vivid, lively, diverse teaching methods, individual questions and collective practice frequently used interchangeably, in her article How to Cultivate the Habit of Pupils" English Learning in Teaching. In speaking, teachers generally emphasize on the communicative function of English, creating all kinds of real situations, encourage pupils speak English. Cao Qinqin in her article Primary School Students English Learning Habits thinks that teachers should set a good example to speak English for the students, encourage and praise more.In reading, adhere to the morning reading, repeat and imitate, read aloud(Cao Qinqin, 2014: 12). In writing, In the article Talking about the Cultivation on Pupils’ English Learning Habits, Song Yunzhen pointed out that teachers should left some time in class to guide pupils’ writing,correct pupils’ wrong writing posture(Song Yunzhen, 2013: 54). This thesis the author will talk about some English teachers’ knowledge and skills in English teaching to help pupils develop good English learning habits.

3. English Learning of Pupils

It is commonplace to state that English is an international language of the world. With the advent of information age and globalization, English become the dominate carrier of information. Fishman’s remark “the sun never sets oil the English language”suggested that English will reign supreme for several decades. English words are becoming more and more popular in our daily life. Living in such an information age, children can get to know English by TV programs, all kinds of goods and so on. With the widespread use of English, it has become a compulsory foreign language courses in our country, students in primary school start to learning English from grade three, some even from grade one or two. And many kids in big city are trying to speak English at early childhood. English learning throughout the entire learning career of students, from primary school to junior high school, high school, and college. China"s English language education have made great progress, however, English education still failed to meet the needs of contemporary social and economic development. A lot of people learning English just aimed for taking examination, although learning English for so many years, English ability is still poor.

3.1 English Teaching Situation in Primary School

Compared with English Teaching in foreign countries, China"s English teaching started late. English Curriculum in China was set up in cities and county primary school in 2001, then gradually opened in the town and country primary school, it was generally starting from the grade 3. After years of development, English teaching in China has achieved some progress, students" overall English level has been greatly improved. But at the same time, because of limitations and obstacles of various conditions, we should also be aware of some existing problems of English teaching in primary school.

In terms of teachers in primary school English Teaching of the present stage, the overall quality of English teachers is not optimistic. English teachers" professional quality is low, specific information: the number of English teachers in primary school is very small, many English teachers are not graduated in English major, they haven’t received formal training of English teachers, and lack of professional English knowledge. The structure of English teachers is irrational, especially in rural areas, because of the narrow talent introduction policies, English teachers are often served as a teacher for several classes of English teaching in different grades or also teaching different courses, this makes teachers’ teaching become heavy task. With the market economic development, there are more job opportunities in cities, in order to have a better development, many excellent teachers are more willing to work in cities. Serious loss of talents, making teachers become more scarce, besides, teachers lack of communication platform and English teaching research.

Class teaching is the teaching characteristics of China"s national conditions, teaching activities in our country are usually take classes as the basic unit. However, according to the current teaching situation, the number of students in many classes is generally from 50-70, it can be obvious seen that the class size is too large, it is not good for teachers to have a better classroom management and carry out teaching activities. Although the students of different learning level, in order to ensure to complete the teaching contents and progress, teachers must take the most of students’ learning situation as a benchmark to design teaching, some students of poor ability will not catch the steps of teacher, it will cause the learning situation become two grade differentiation. Because of the limited classroom teaching time, in the teaching process, teachers can not let all the students participate actively in some activities. It is often a few good students to act as the protagonist in classroom activities, i.e oral communication, most of the students did not get the opportunity to practice in the classroom.

3.1.1 Learning Interest and Motivation

Interest is the best motivation in English learning that promote and maintain learners’ learning. Generally speaking, pupils’ learning interest can be divided into two categories: direct interests and indirect interests. Direct interests is largely depend on objects and learning activities such as a lively and interesting class, while indirect interests is caused by the results of activities such as praise. Some students are not really interested in some subjects, even feel boring, but they realize the importance of learning, so they study hard to get good results.

Last year, I had a chance of internship in my hometown-be a student teacher in a primary school. According to my teaching experience, there appeared a phenomenon that pupils’ English learning interest is changeable in different grades. Among the whole school, it can be obviously seen that the majority of pupils like English. Especially pupils of Grade 3. Pupils’ learning interest of higher grades declined. Therefor, teachers should pay attention to attract, maintain and arouse pupils’ learning interest.

The English learning motivation of the pupil belongs to external motivation. They often evaluate themselves through adult’s evaluation. Investigation shows, the current main leading motivation of Chinese students learning are: one is to get high scores, won the praise and rewards of teachers and parents; the other is to complete the task of teachers and parents. Combined with the general characteristics of learning motivation of pupils in China, we found that primary school students lack of initiative and consciousness. For example, only a few students can answer questions actively in the class, few students learn English after class.

3.1.2 Learning Habits

Good English learning habits is the prerequisite to achieve great grades for students. In primary school, most students study with randomness, they do not form a stable learning habits. The situation of students’ participation in activities in English class, is not optimistic. Here are some problems in pupils’ English learning habits.

Based on the teaching experience and observation of different classes, and talking to different students and teachers, it is easily to know that many students do not form the habit of preview, some students do not make study plan, few students can adhere to make review, finish homework independently. In classroom teaching, many of them easily affected by the external environment. Most of the students are just passively receiving knowledge from teachers instead of thinking by themselves.

The pronunciation and English words memorizing are the key but difficult things in English teaching. English pronunciation is quite different from Chinese, in the initial contact with English, pupils will easily make confusion of the pronunciation and spelling, some students just according to the teacher"s pronunciation to write down Chinese pinyin or Chinese phonetic words. For the pupils who depend more on imitation, to have standard pronunciation is really difficult. In the memorizing words, many only by writing, although spent a lot of time and energy, the effects is not ideal,it is easy to forget.

3.2 Factors of Affecting Pupils’ English learning Habits

There are many factors affecting pupils to develop good English learning habits. The major related factors are about pupil themselves, teachers and families.

3.2.1 Pupils

Students are the real masters in study. The key to developing good English learning habits relies on students themselves.

Pupils are very young, with no clear concept of learning. Although teachers and parents always stressed the importance of learning, they can not really understand. Students have no learning motivation. They just learn mechanically according to the requirement of teacher and the parents. Playing is children" s nature. Pupils" self-control is poor, their attention only last for a short time, so it is easy to be disturbed in class. After leave school, there is no teacher, no classmates, without learning atmosphere, without parents" supervision, pupils usually can not finish homework in time. Some even copy other students’ in school. Pupils do not have good study methods. Such as writing down Chinese or pinyin based on teacher"s pronunciation in reading then failed to form correctly pronunciation. Many pupils lack confidence, they do not speak English bravely. When asked why they afraid to speak English, most pupils worried about speaking incorrectly.

3.2.2 Teachers

Teachers are the organizer of teaching activities. The overall quality of teachers determine teaching effects. In some primary school, English teachers lack professional knowledge, especially in rural primary school, many English teachers are not graduated in English major. In English teaching, there still exist many problems, such as: the lack of grammar knowledge and vocabulary, with poor pronunciation. There are few English teachers in primary school, their teaching task are heavy.

Teaching method is single. The main form of classroom teaching is explanation by teachers, students just sit down and listen, passively accept knowledge. Large proportion of traditional teaching activities, such as: repeat words and sentences, memory, recitation, dictation, do exercises. Those mechanical training make students feel boring, and even lose interest in English learning.

3.2.3 Families

Family education is the important part of education. In terms of the influence of family education on Pupils" learning habits, parents’ attitude directly affect their attitude towards study. In a family, if parents do not pay attention to learning, the children will keep a careless attitude towards learning, then the child will not take learning serious. Once they meet difficulties, without the help of teachers and parents, they will give up. Some of the parents do not have high cultural quality, they can not give correct learning conduction for children. When children’ learning time at home, parents" parenting style is very important, some parents are too strict to their children, some are too lax, these will affect the child to develop learning habit at home. Under the pressure of work, many parents do not have much time to accompany their children, they lack communication with the child, can not have a good understanding of the learning situation of their children. If the family is not harmonious, it will have negative effects on students" learning, such as family quarrel, which may damage the child"s mood, cause students mental instability, inattention.

4. Strategies of developing Pupils" Good English Learning Habits

Teachers seem to be the linking bridge between students and learning. Given the fact that English is a foreign language and is not working for school education and our ordinary social life, most of learners rely on classroom teaching for learning. Teachers need to develop pupils’ interest in learning and cultivate good habits in order to guide pupils learning in effective ways. Learning habits are flexible, which can vary from time to time, from place to place and from person to person. Teachers should find suitable strategies for students to develop good English learning habits and be able to adjust them in time. This can not only help the students keep the right direction of learning, but also help them form autonomous learning competence. In this part the author mainly discuss some practical strategies for teachers to cultivate pupils good English learning habits.

4.1 Creating a Good Relationship between Teachers and Students

The relationship between teachers and students is the most basic and the most important relationship in school. A good relationship between teachers and students is an important condition for teachers to teach,and to mobilize the enthusiasm of the students, leads to a close cooperation, form a good teaching atmosphere.

Pupils’ interest in learning largely depend on teachers. As a Chinese old saying “Love me love my dog.” Love is a benign cycle, like the English teacher - like English - love learning English. To grasp students" interest, teachers should start from leaving a good first impression. A first good impression on teacher makes the students feel pleasant, and generally it is not easy to change the view. Whether you are new or familiar to a school, as a teacher, you should pay particular attention to your speech and behavior, as far as possible in all aspects. Teacher"s personal temperament affects the teaching effects to some extent. Such as confidence, optimistic attitude. A confident and optimistic person always spread positive energy. The key to successful English teaching and learning is to keep an active attitude. As the teacher who standing on the podium face students every day, his occupation demands infectious. Besides, as for teacher lives in the new era, one can not ignore the dress. Decent clothing brings to the enjoyment of beauty. Generally speaking, teacher should wear neat, generous, even follow the fashion. But do not to wear outlandish and revealing clothes.

As for teachers, they must being sincere, and love every student. Don"t hurt the child"s self-esteem- the most sensitive part of the spirit. As educators, caring for students is teacher"s job, of course, this love is from the bottom of heart. Love is the best education for students. Teachers should fully know and understand students,such as their thoughts,life,and study. Respect the differences of students, treat every student fairly. Look every students with a appreciate view, try to find out their merits.

The prestige of teachers is a necessary prerequisite for develop an good job of teaching. The classroom teaching of a prestigious teacher must be high efficiency and high quality, the atmosphere will be harmony, orderly. Students would respect and love teachers, and study with high motivation. Because of pupils’ poor self-discipline. The teacher must be strict with their students, especially during class teaching.

4.2 Developing Good English Learning Habits in Classroom Teaching

It is teachers that are the actual designers and actors of classroom teaching. The quality and level of classroom teaching, is a measure of teacher"s teaching ability. Marca even said “If you work, learn and perform very well, you can get students’ approval, they will all stand by your side, never abandon you.” Classroom teaching design is the process of deciding what and how to teach the lesson. It is the time for teachers to choose appropriate classroom activities for students based on teaching objectives. The English text content of primary school often occur in our daily life, therefore, teachers should make full use of the teaching resources, make the students have a perceptual knowledge to learn new knowledge. The pupils" image thinking ability is much stronger, teachers can create language environment of communication based on teaching material, the appropriate use of visual aids and electronic tools may inspire students adapt to the specific situation and the expression of ideas, sometimes need to be accompanied by action, expression, make students have a better understanding and feel more interesting.

Because of the limited time, English teaching class in primary school focus more on two basic aspects:listening and speaking. Teachers should explore some methods for teaching listening and speaking to help pupils become more effective language learners.

4.2.1 Developing Good Listening Habits

Listening is the communicative competence to understand and acquire the oral information, not only conducive to the development of the other three skills, but also stimulate the daily communication. Listening competence is the sum of listening and understanding, the process of listening comprehension is the process that people use all kinds of knowledge and skills. As people listen, they process not only what they hear but also combine other information they already known or with their own ideas and experiences to create the meaning in their own minds. By listening, students can absorb new language information, deepen the understanding of language, and constantly promote the speaking ability, reading ability, writing ability. According to the age characteristics, teachers should know how to improve the students’ listening gradually.

It is the fact that the most important environment for our Chinese English learners is classroom. For many of them, the classroom is the only resource for English learning. English teachers using English to organize teaching process. Provide students with English speaking environment, students will have the opportunity to contact English context. Teachers should try to avoid using Chinese, from greeting to assign homework and so on. Pupils have the advantage on listening and speaking, strong imitation. English teacher can adhere to organize the teaching process in English, it will help them develop good listening habit,. strengthen their desire to learning English.

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