论文总字数：25313字

摘 要

称谓语是指说话人在日常交际应酬中用于称呼受话人的人称指示语，也就是对别人的称呼。称谓语既是一种语言现象，更是一种社会、文化现象。作为社交指示语的一种有效形式，称呼语在言语活动中起着重要的社交信息指示功能 。不同的语言文化中称谓语都有差别。小说《飘》描写了美国南北战争及战后重建时期佐治亚州的生活变迁，让全世界的书迷在为斯卡利特和瑞特的爱情唏嘘不已的同时也了解了美国民众的日常生活和习俗。然而，称呼语也可用于检验文学作品 、展示作品内部人物的微妙关系 、展现作者的叙事倾向 。作为文学作品中的小说语言，称呼语在《飘》文中既传承了它在言语交际中的相应语用功能，又在一定程度上呈现了该小说语言内部特有的其他功能。最后，从女性写作立场和叙述角度分析称呼语的使用受多方面因素的制约，它随着社交语境的不同变换指示多种社交信息。

关键词：称谓语；语用功能 ；《飘》 ；叙述角度

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements i

English Abstract ii

Chinese Abstract iii

Table of Contents iv

I. Introduction 1

1.1 Presentation of questions ………………………………………………………..1

1.2 The purpose and significance of the research…………...……………………….2

1.3 Layout of the thesis….…………………………………………….……………..2

II. Literature Review 3

2.1 Deixis…………………………….…………….……..……………………..…...3

2.2 Research status………………..………..……………...………………..….........3

III.The Definition of Address Form…………………………………………………...4

2.1 The classification of address terms …………………...………………..….........4

2.2 The pragmatic function of address terms………….…………….………...….….5

IV.The Interpersonal Function of Address Term in Gone with the Wind.………….7

3.1 Address term reflects communicative role on both sides…………………...…...7

3.2 Address term reflects person’s emotional attitude ………………...…………….8

3.3 Address term reflects affinity-disaffinity relationship on both sides…………….9

V.The Narrative Perspective of Address Term in Gone with the Wind…………………………………………………………………………………....11

VI. Conclusion...............................................................................................................13

References…………………………………………………………………….……….14

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Background

As an effective form of social deixis, address terms play an important indicator of social information in speech activities. As both sides mutual transmission of information in the first place, the role that address forms play in daily verbal communication can’t be ignored. Different names on the one hand reflects the identity of both parties talking role, social status and different degrees of closeness; on the other hand expressed the speaker to the hearer's thoughts and feelings. Address terms were given a variety of pragmatic functions in language communication, and this has always been the focus of one of the objects inn salutation study..However literary language and language in daily communication has no difference, address forms in literary works also presents its unique pragmatic functions, and contain the author's unique narrative tendency.. Speech Communication gives address forms many different kinds of pragmatic functions, in order to meet the different needs of communicative contexts. Address forms can be a carrier usually reflects two functions simultaneously: call or greeting and describing and evaluating functions; In extension of declarative words, address forms is often a sign of turning into a theme or topic .In addition, address forms can also be relationships as a marker of code-switching in an effort to change, as well as politeness strategies to change the social distance and interlocutor.. As of novels in literary language, address forms in "gone with the wind" is passing on its corresponding pragmatic functions in speech communication, and to some extent, presents the novel language internal characteristic of the other functions.. The use of address forms is conditioned by various factors, it indicates a variety of social information along with the social context of different transformation..Speaker’s identity decides their address. The call way Involved in the conversation is also important social instructions.. All in all, communication on both sides of the identity, role relations, the degree of closeness, conversational situations and emotional thoughts influenced the use of address forms.. Conversely,  the salutation transform revealed in the identity, role relationship, the two communicating parties closeness degree, conversational situations and emotional thought and so on various aspects of the state and change.

1.2 The purpose and significance of the research

As an effective form of social deixis, salutation plays an important indicator of social information in speech activities. However, address forms can also be used to test literature works, display the internal character of subtle relations, showing the author's narrative tendencies. This paper, take "gone with the wind" the classic literary works as an example, will explore the pragmatic functions of address forms in the novel language, look through its ingenious narrative angle, finally through the analysis of address forms reappear the female writing position hidden deep in this novel.

1.3 Layout of the thesis

The organization of the paper is divided into five parts. Chapter one and two are devoted to an introduction and literature review. Chapter three introduces the methodology. The classification and pragmatic function of address terms are contained in this part. Chapter four is the main part of this paper. The discussion of interpersonal function of address term in Gone with the Wind is presented in this part. Chapter five introduces the narrative perspective of address term in Gone with the Wind. Finally, chapter six is the conclusion part, summarizing the major findings and discussing limitations of paper in hope of shedding some light on future research of a similar kind.

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Deixis

Deixis is a basic concept in pragmatics. It is so important in pragmatics that in a more restricted sense, pragmatics is even defined as a subject studying deixis. Fillmore and Levinson classified deixis into five categories: person deixis, time deixis, place deixis, discourse deixis and social deixis. Person deixis means the reference to people in communication. According to John f．Saeed (1997:31), the referent of a word can be permanent or varied. For example, the referent of the proper noun Pacific is definite and permanent, while the referents of person pronouns are not, which depends on the context. Indeed. Levinson (1983) says that the relation between language and context is reflected in language structure by means of deixis. The speaker’s choice of person deixis is, to a great degree, influenced by his or her subjective preference.

2.2 Research status

Deixis is an objective language phenomenon exists in any language, and also an important part of the pragmatic research. Levinson believe that instruction is the relationship between language and context in language structure to reflect the most obvious way. Levinson believes deixis is the most obvious way to indicate the relationship between language and context in reflecting language structure. He also points out, the social instructions, should be limited to that some aspects of the language structure, these aspects reflect the participants' social identity, or their relationship; Among them, the social indicators, he said, should be limited so that some aspects of language structure, and these reflect the social status of participants, or the relationship between them; Or the relationship between one of the involved participants and involved and the entities.

Chapter Three The Definition of Address Form

2.1 The classification of address term

English address terms can be classified into general terms, professional titles, names, pronouns, profession terms, kinship terms, etc.

(1) General terms

In English, people usually use "Mr./ Mrs./ Ms/ Miss Surname", "Sir/ Madam" or "Lady Surname/ title" as general terms,for example, "Mr. White", "Lady President" and so on.

(2) Addressing by professional title
In English, people also use "Title/ Position surname" to address others, especially in academic field, for instance, "Dr.Smith"and "Prof. Brown". Besides, there are titles for royal family,

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