论文总字数：25712字

目 录

Abstract 2

摘要 3

1. Introduction 4

2 Synonymy used in elegant variation 5

2.1 Definition of synonym and its use of elegant variation 5

2.2 Types of synonyms 5

a) Perfect (absolute) synonyms 5

b) Partial (relative) synonyms 5

2.3 Sources of synonyms 6

a) Borrowing （loaned words） 6

b) Dialects and regional English 7

c) Coincidence with idiomatic expressions 7

2.4 Discrimination of Synonyms 7

a)Difference in denotation. 7

b)Difference in connotation. 8

c) Difference in application 9

3 Hyponymy used in elegant variation 9

3.1Definition of hyponymy 9

3.2 classification of hyponymy 10

3.3 examples of hyponymy 10

4 Figurative language uses 11

4.1 definition of Figurative language 11

4.2 Simile and Metaphor 12

4.3 personification 12

4.4 Metonymy 12

4.5 synecdoche 12

5 English to Chinese translation strategy 13

Conclusion 14

参考文献： 15

Abstract

There are a lot of repetitions in Chinese which are closely correlative with the linguistic feature of Chinese. In Chinese, the sentences are always short because of the lack of relative pronoun and relative adverb which is popular in English. It will need some short words to express one meaning in Chinese. To connect sentences, parataxis and repetitions are taken. Only using reference will lead to the confusion of expression, so Chinese is prone to repetition. Then, Chinese pay more attention on rhetoric and frame, using parallelism, stress and comparison which also give rise to repetition in Chinese.

There are also parallelism, stress and comparison in English, but the repetitions in English are less than in Chinese because English emphasis relation and logic among sentences and phrases by using conjunction, relative pronoun and relative adverb to connect sentences. When a noun, a concept and a point need to be repeatedly mentioned, previous words should be replaced by different nouns and pronouns to avoid repetitions. This feature of English is called elegant variation. The English is apt to shunning repetitions and casual repetitions are abnormal, objectionable and clumsy. On the premise of unambiguous meaning, substitution and omit can avoid unintentional repetition which can make the passage brief and powerful and meet the language psychological habits of English nation. With elegant variation, the passage can be more colorful, the presentation of the feeling more vivid.

The following passage will be about synonyms, hyponymys, and figurative words used in translation.

Key words:English, repetition,elegant variation.

摘要

王卿

汉语中重复的现象比较明显，这和汉语的语法，和汉语的语言特点有着十分密切的联系。在汉语中没有像英语一样的关系代词，关系副词，所以汉语的句子都不会太长。在汉语里的一个意思，需要用几个短句来表示，各短句之中的联系，需要靠“意合”或者靠重复。如果单纯靠指代的话，很容易出现指代不清，表意不明的情况，所以汉语是倾向于重复的，是需要重复的。其次，汉语讲究修辞美和结构美，多用排比，强调，重叠，反复，对比等手法，这也造成了汉语中重复的现象。

英语中也有排比，重复，强调，对比等手法，但英语重视句子与句子，段落与段落之间的联系和逻辑，多用连词，关系代词，关系副词来联系句子，所以重复的现象较汉语少很多。当有一个名词，概念或者观点需要反复多次提及的时候，英语中往往会采用不同的名词或代词来代替前面的词，来避免重复。这是英语的用词习惯，在英语中被称为“优雅变化”。避免重复是英语的一大特征，在英语中，随意的，没有目的的重复是十分令人反感的。英语文体学家则批评用词重复为:粗心的，呆板的，单调的，乏味的 “在能够确保明确达意的前提，通过指代，替换，拟人等修辞和写作方法来避免重复是值得提倡的。英语通过指代，换词来使文章变得简介，生动。不仅能避免语篇上的重复，还能为文体增添色彩，使文采璀璨，表达生动。

本文将同义词替代，整体代替个别，借代词，喻体词，换词求雅在汉译英的应用来讲。

关键词：英语，重复，换词求雅

1. Introduction

Under the background of globalization, traditional culture and modern civilization blend and influence each other, making the language and culture of the normally with strong regional color spirit product is then flow up. However in western culture ,American culture is the overwhelming culture all over the world, Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Hollywood movies, Disney, multimedia and other American popular culture with products all over the world. It is important to learn the application of variation which make the sentences corlorful.

When we write a passage, we find it is difficult to use word without repetition which is a vice of composition. On the aim of grace and readability, it is necessary to write article with elegant variation. There are some way we can change word including synonymy, hyponymy, and figurative words with which the essay is more readable. English words has taken in words from French, Latin, Greek and other nations which enlarge the number of English words and make it possible to alter words in English

In English，nominal variation is habitually preferred to avoid repetition, while in Chinese, repetition is made for consistency .This paper reveals the wording differences between the two languages, and summarizes the laws and principles of English variation. It discusses how to deal with such differences in the twoway translations.

2 Synonymy used in elegant variation

2.1 Definition of synonym and its use of elegant variation

Synonyms are some words share the same or very similar meaning. Synonyms are words which have a likeness in context as well as part of speech, for a verb cannot be a synonym to an adjective.

It is important for us to know the synonymy used in elegant variation, we can use the synonymy of one word to replace itself , but we always should if it is proper to use the synonymy to let the article more colorful. So we should pay more attention to types of synonyms and sources of synonyms and discrimination of synonyms

2.2 Types of synonyms

a) Perfect (absolute) synonyms

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