论文总字数：36093字

摘 要

詹姆斯·格雷厄姆·巴拉德1930 年出生于上海，珍珠港事件后，被羁押在龙华的集中营，1946 年随家人返回英国。作为日本战俘集中营的幸存者，巴拉德笔下的世界黑暗而独树一帜，写作风格独特而怪异，其作品被冠以“巴拉德风格”。

其作品《太阳帝国》中塑造了沉默的中国人形象，他对战争时期的上海的描写，则是为了借对“他者”的否定和批判来肯定自身。巴拉德采取意识形态化的策略来塑造中国形象，在他构建的中国形象背后，反映的是对自身民族身份的认同困惑以及隐蔽的帝国主义思想和殖民霸权。

有基于此，本文从形象学的角度出发，分析中国形象在巴拉德《太阳帝国》中的表现和作用，探寻其背后隐藏的文化意蕴，通过揭示小说中隐藏的殖民意识和对自身民族身份认同的困惑，本文表达了对帝国主义思想和殖民霸权的批判和反思，强调了多元文化主义思想的重要性。

关键词：J.G.巴拉德；《太阳帝国》；形象学；中国形象；

Table of Content

Acknowledgements i

English Abstract ii

Chinese Abstract iii

Chapter One Introduction 1

Chapter Two Chinese Images in Empire of the Sun 3

2.1 Images of Chinese People in This Novel 3

2.1.1 The Conceptualized Chinese 3

2.1.2 The Chinese Beggar Who Never Leaves His Broken Mat 4

2.1.3 The Chinese as a Threatening Power 5

2.2 Image of Urban Shanghai under the Shadow of the War 7

2.2.1 An Inseparable Bustling city 7

2.2.2 A Terrible, Violent and Hostile City 8

Chapter Three Cultural Implications Contained in the Image of the "Other" 10

3.1 Ballard's Strategy of Constructing Chinese Images 10

3.2 Ballard's Confusion over National Identity 11

3.3 Anti-Imperialism and Anti-Colonialism in This Novel 12

Chapter Four Conclusion 14

Reference: 15

Chapter One Introduction

James Graham Ballard (J.G.Ballard, 1930-2009) was a representative British novelist in the new wave of science fiction in 1960s, and was praised as "the King of science fiction". As one of the most distinguished writers in contemporary Britain, He has published more than 20 novels. James Graham Ballard was born in Shanghai in 1930. After the outbreak of Pearl Harbour Incident, he was detained in a concentration camp in Longhua. In 1946, he returned to the United Kingdom with his family. As a survivor of the Japanese prison camp, Ballard developed his own fictional world characterized by darkness. His works were crowned with "Ballard style" for his unique and weird writing style.

In 1984, Ballard wrote a biography of his early years in Shanghai, named Empire of the Sun. The writing style of this war novel was flat and plain. The bloody war was completely presented from a naive and perplexed juvenile, which deeply reflected the profound impression of disaster and destruction of the war to Ballard in his childhood. Being honored as the most excellent war novel in the United Kingdom, Empire of the Sun was created into a film by famous director Spielberg in 1987, which won the Oscar award. Set in the Anti-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945, this novel tells the story from a child's point of view. After the outbreak of Pearl Harbour Incident, Shanghai was in utter confusion and swarming with the corpses. Jamie failed to look for his parents and was imprisoned in Longhua civilian concentration camp in Longhua by Japanese army, where he witnessed the white light of Nagasaki and the rebirth dawn of the ruined world.

This is also a true record of war, plunder, concentration camps and death marches, hunger and survival. The states and values of adults in the chaotic and disordered world were narrated from the perspective of a boy. In the novel, the situation of Chinese people was being ignored and bullied, and the descriptions on the scenes in Shanghai were horrifying and disgusting.

Most researchers consider the novel as the beginning of Ballard turning the science fiction to the autobiography. They seldom pay attention to the hypothetic Western Centrism standpoint in the novel, neither think in the position of the war victim country China when understanding the novel. From the perspective of imagology, this paper analyzes the expression and effects of Chinese images in Ballard's Empire of the Sun, particularly the cultural implication they contain. Revealing the critique of colonial ideology the deconstruction of a fixed national identity in this novel, it examines Ballard’s militant attitude towards imperialist hegemony his proposal of multiculturalism.

Chapter Two Chinese Images in Empire of the Sun

Ballard created a large number of Chinese images in Empire of the Sun. China in the war was described from the perspective of a child. The image in the sense of imagology possesses three connotations: exotic image, image from the same nation (society and culture) , as well as image created based on a writer's special feeling. The oriental images created in western literary during different periods were not objective and actual. It was the orient filtered and imagined by westerners. In terms of the Chinese image in British literature during the twentieth Century, as the "other" of the UK, China had been wandering between two extremes of beauty and ugliness. Chinese images in English culture has always been in the cultural level described by the English writers, rather than the cultural level of the actual China and Britain. Although the Orient had entered the western vision as an "other" image early, it wasn’t the dialogist of Europe throughout. It was a silent “other”. The post-colonial culture theory, especially Said's theory of orientalism, is of great significance to the analysis of Chinese image in Empire of the Sun.

2.1 Images of Chinese People in The Novel

As an autobiographical novel, Jamie can be regarded as an ideal embodiment of Ballard. Ballard presented the readers with Chinese images in the boundary of the life and death during the war. The expressions of the images of the Chinese people in the novel were analyzed from the following way.

2.1.1 The Conceptualized Chinese

Chinese created in this novel had a strange characteristic that most of them had no name. On the basis of their occupation, the author called them as Chinese servant, Chinese beggars, Chinese coolies, Chinese farmers, China hooligans, Chinese workers, Chinese merchants, Communist Party members, members of the Kuomintang, boatman, maid, coachman, pickpocket and hawkers, etc. In the whole novel, Chinese people have been deprived of the right of speech. All their feelings were put into words by the omniscient and omnipotent narrator. Chinese only had the right to say two or three phrases. In the novel, Chinese servants were similar to furniture. They were completely indifferent to the outside world. Chinese coolies were deathlike, and their bones can be made into a carpet, where Japanese bombers landed on. Even though all Chinese coolies were killed by Japanese, the Japanese were still right. Chinese farmers still wore winter coats in summer. They were passive and negative, and the women in countryside were thin and hungry. Chinese people in this novel were expressionless and woebegone. They never look at planes in the sky, and showed disturbing, subservient and contemptuous expressions in the presence of European. They liked to watch the scenes of bustle, even the beheading. Chinese ethnic people described in the novel was a cold and cruel nation, and the Chinese didn’t know which side to support in the World War. Chinese soldiers in the novel were most cowardly among those in Japan, Britain and China.

The image of " other" created by a writer inevitably reflects the negative of "other", as well as the extension and supplement of the "I" and the space. Ballard created a large number of the conceptualized "Chinese" image in Empire of the Sun. Unfortunately, those images were created only by virtue of the accumulation of the Chinese images of the collective unconscious in British society accumulated in his mind. These "stereotypes" were just a concept, which was not intended to match with the reality of China society. It was reproduced, spread and repeated again and again in the novel without any new conceptions, becoming the absolute platitude. In Empire of the Sun, China was always absent from the representation and discussion on itself. On the contrary, people always feel the ubiquitous and omniscient Ballard, who condescendingly restrained, judged and peeped at China.

2.1.2 The Chinese Beggar Who Never Leaves His Broken Mat

In the whole novel, Chinese were generally described as a group. Ballard rarely described a single Chinese person in his works. Here a Chinese beggar was an individual character described by the author with relatively more words. The Chinese beggar was depicted in the second chapter of the novel. He always sat in a field outside the house of a British. The only property of the ragged beggar was a broken mat and an empty cigarette case. After a night of heavy snow at the beginning of December, the snow formed a thick quilt. The old man's face was shown outside the snow, as if a child who was sleeping on a down quilt. When Jamie saw the old beggar, he said to himself that the old man would never move, because the beggar was very warm in the snow. It is doubtful that what emotion the author wanted to convey to the reader here in addition to the great harm that the war has brought to the Chinese people. Is it the indifference or cruelty of the author? In the third chapter, the author wrote about the old beggar once again. The Packard car of Jamie’s family was driven over the beggar’s left foot. However, what Jamie thought was that the pattern on the feet of the beggar would be different if it was Mr. Mike Stead's. In the novel, there was no the beggar's feeling or voice. The cold felt by beggar in the snow and the pain pressed by the car were put into words by the author. Edward·Said pointed out in Orientalism that the external nature of the expression was always controlled by some kind of paradoxical truth. The Orient would express itself if it had this ability. If it couldn’t, this responsibility must be taken by others, for both the west and the poor Orient. In fact, the communication between the two cultural systems doesn’t contain the "truth" in itself.

Language itself is a highly professional coding program. It is only a kind of presentation and expression of "truth". China beggar was such a character deprived the right of speech by the author. He can't express himself, and Ballard was the controller of the " specious truth". He could determine all the real and imagined in the novel, and described for Chinese people unscrupulously, which were quite common in the novel.

2.1.3 The Chinese as a Threatening Power

Many Chinese images in Ballard's works are related to the collective imagination of the British society in his time. He was significantly affected by Yellow Peril Theory. The third chapter of the novel began with Chinese women who cut the lawn. When Jamie’s plane flew over them, and the women did not care for it. Jamie would generate a feeling of fear when he was close with those women. He also thought what would happen if he fainted in the way of the women's way forward. And the seventh chapter of this novel wrote a Chinese grandma. After Jamie was separated from his parents, he went to a classmate’s home to play with him. However, he was slapped by a Chinese nanny. Jamie was never hit by the others with so great strength.

In the twenty-second chapter of the novel, Chinese people emerged as an increasingly formidable force. Since there was no food to eat, some Chinese famine victim looked up food in the concentration camp at night risking their lives. This made the British concerned about the future of war, since the British people's food supply would be affected. In the fortieth chapter of the novel, the Kuomintang would take over Shanghai after the Europeans and the Japanese, and exclude foreign enterprises. Therefore, the European investment needed to be protected. Besides, at the end of the novel, a gang of British and American sailors peed towards Chinese. Only when the urine flowed from the steps to Chinese people, they moved back for a few steps with not any expressions on their faces. Jamie looked at the commis, the coolie, and country women around him, Jamie was well aware of what was going on in their minds. China would punish the rest of the world and make a terrible revenge one day.

British writer Sax Rohmer ( 1883-1959) created a series of novels with Fu Manchu as the protagonist, and shaped a cunning and ruthless Chinese image, which affected the image of Chinese people in foreigners and further strengthened the wrong understanding in Western society. Empire of the Sun is actually a continuation of the ideology expressed in Sax Rohmer’s works. The stereotype about “other” created in a country will be deeply integrated into their people's collective unconsciousness with persistence and multi-context. It can either be a temporary stillness, or awakened by any triggering. When the exotic culture may pose a threat to it, the former will show its ferocious face, wantonly slander and attack the exotic culture. There is a strong East-West binary opposition consciousness in Ballard's mind. In his opinion, the depraved, backward, uncivilized, tyrannical and ignorant Orient was always linked to particular elements in the West, such as crime, madman, the poor, and disease. These factors were fundamentally alien, and ran in the opposite direction with the mainstream western society. The alien images of China shaped by Ballard fundamentally expresses his discrimination and prejudice against oriental culture.

2.2 Image of Urban Shanghai under the Shadow of the War

Ballard spent his childhood and youth in Shanghai, and he witnessed the greatest war in modern Chinese history. In general, childhood is of great significance to a writer. The experience impression and trauma during childhood will be an indelible memory after he grew up. Due to the personal experience of Ballard in Shanghai and his special experience participating in the British air force, his feelings for Shanghai were quite complicated.

2.2.1 An Inseparable Bustling City

First of all, the novel depicted the image of a prosperous city of Shanghai. In the novel, Jamie’s family lived in the international public settlement protected during the war, where the Western way of life in nineteenth Century was continued. There were churches, schools, and Christmas parties with make-up. Before the outbreak of the Second World War, the Jamie family had settled in Shanghai for more than ten years.

Japan began a comprehensive war of aggression against China from 1937, and started with the Nanjing massacre. The Westerners in the novel were not going to leave Shanghai. Because they can enjoy a fruitful life in Shanghai, and they believe that Japan would not constitute a danger for British imperial army. In the first chapter, the coffins at Yangtze River funeral wharf were rushed back to this bustling city of Shanghai with the tide. In the third chapter, Jamie was always looking forward to passing through the city center of Shanghai at night. In view of the Western value, Shanghai was more exciting and attractive than any other cities in the world for its luxury. There were casinos, movie theaters, nightclubs, and a variety of luxury cars. In the sixth chapter, the war always made Shanghai full of vitality and accelerated the pulse of its crowded streets. In the seventeenth chapter, Shanghai was the largest city in the world, which was even bigger than London. At the end of the novel, Jamie knew that he would leave Shanghai forever to another strange small country. However, part of Jamie's heart would always stay in Shanghai.

In the Worst Moment published in 1991, Ballard recalled that Shanghai used to be a city between Las Vegas and Rome. The roads were full of American cars, and American vitality was everywhere[5]. In the End of My War released in 1995, Ballard recalled that Shanghai in 1930 was the Paris on the Pacific Ocean, and the world's largest garden city. There was capitalism fortress of unlimited business opportunities. When it comes to his parents and other people who prefer to stay in China during the war, he recalled, Shanghai was their home, where they can live a prosperous life far away from the Great Depression of the British economy in 1930. The other people were missionaries and teachers, who were committed to helping Chinese people.

2.2.2 A Terrible, Violent and Hostile City

When the maidservant Vera was described in the first chapter of the novel, it was mentioned that Shanghai was a city full of violence and hostility. There were tens of thousands of refugees in Shanghai, and the bloody heads of the sacrifice Communist Party were hanging at the Bund to publicly expose. In the second chapter, a double amputee beggar whose lower part of the body was tied in a surprisingly large leather shoes, crawled in the cracks among the wheels two wood dumbbell in his hands. The novel seldom depicted the fighting between Chinese army and Japanese army. The most common scenes was fighting between British as well as American aircraft and Japan, followed by the killing of the Communist Party by Kuomintang. In the thirty-ninth chapter of the novel, as the leader of bandits, Grand commandant Song treated Jamie as a dog. After the Kuomintang occupied the airport, they killed the Japanese in bulk. Shanghai has become a bloody city without any sense of security. In the fortieth chapter of the novel, Kuomintang wipe out the last batch of Communist forces in the ruins of Pudong. The martyr remains of Communist forces were piled up like wood.

The novel was started and finished in the image of the child's corpse, which frequently occurred. In the first chapter, a child’s corpse in the coffin was floating on Yangtze River Shilipu funeral wharf. Because poor Chinese had no money to bury their children, so they place them in coffins, and sprinkled some white flowers. These coffins and flowers were floating on the Yangtze River with the tide ebb and flow. The swelling corpse and rubbish floating on the water formed a terrorist water garden together with the stacked greasy piles. The title of the last chapter of the novel was "terrible city". Paper flowers were dashed to the water by waves arouse by American cruisers, but these coffins and flowers would be finally back to the dock in Shanghai with the rising tide.

Shanghai in Ballard's works possessed dual characters. On the one hand, it represented romance and exotic atmosphere, and was a city more affluent than the Britain. On the other hand, it was a terrible, dirty, violent and hostile city. The reason that the author described shanghai has different character is very simple. As a colonist to China, Ballard believed that he should enjoy the status and glory of the colonists in his subconscious, and its beauty and prosperity belonged to him. However, when he saw the other side which didn’t belong to him, he smeared and slandered it to his utmost, which fully represented the fickle emotion of Ballard as a colonist.

Chapter Three Cultural Implications Contained in the Image of the "Other"

In Orientalism, Said pointed out that every European, regardless of his views on the Orient, would eventually be a racist, an imperialist, an out and out ethnic centrist. Although Ballard said that the novel was created based on his own experience, it is not a realistic war novel in a strict sense. The conceptualization description on Chinese silence public and the distorted Shanghai in this novel extremely demonized China. Therefore, it is of great importance to analyze the cultural implication contained in the image of "the other".

3.1 Ballard's Strategy of Constructing Chinese Images

There were two strategies of the construction of Chinese images in Empire of the Sun: The first one is to shape Chinese images through ideologicalization, and the second one is to self affir the national image of the United Kingdom. The exotic images in Empire of the Sun were quite complicated. Ballard's description of the Chinese people's thinking and character basically follows the inherent bias on Chinese images in the west, according to which "a dictionary of prejudice on China" can even be compiled. He discussed Chinese thinking and character which he didn’t understand, and repeated the typical orientalism discourse.

The exotic image in a writer's works is the product of his own art creation. However, this image must be subject to the constraints of society and the times, and reflect the overall view and concept of the community. Therefore, it is the product of the collective imagination of the country. Ballard inherited the style of Sax Rohmer and some other writers to distort China and praise his native motherland Britain. The international settlement where Jamie lived in this novel emerged with Western powers to carve up China. From the beginning of the Opium War in 1840, the British began to carry out large-scale colonial activities in China.

Since nineteenth Century, the United Kingdom has gradually embarked on the road to dominate the world. The economic and cultural superiority of native people in the UK began to prevail. Foucault believed that the subject needs the object, not to understand each other, but verify itself. The developed, civilized, rational and strong Britain needed to be present by taking an object as a reference. Therefore, the poor, ugly, negative and weak China came into the perspective of Ballard. Shi Jingqian believed that there were six kinds of important people at the end of Empire of the Sun, namely the robber, the Kuomintang army, Communist guerrillas, prostitutes and pimps, Silent public, and children in coffins. All of them were written by Ballard into the images who were ugly, horrible, terrible and lack of moral. Together with Chinese beggar, conceptualized Chinese and Chinese alien under the Yellow Peril Theory, they constituted the extremely one-sided "Chinese image" in Ballard's imagination.

3.2 Ballard's Confusion over National Identity

In the novel, Jamie was born in Shanghai, where he had lived for more than ten years. For his, Britain is a strange small country on the other side of the world. His activity scope was confined to the concession. At the beginning of the novel, the national complex in Jamie's heart deeply affected his life. This complex was gradually caught in confusion with the progress of the war, and even to the brink of collapse. His national identity crisis began to emerge from being separated with his parents. After that time, his greatest desire is to find a British, but he failed.

When he went to the classmate's house, and was hit a box on the ear by a Chinese nanny, this crisis was strengthened. When he entered the Longhua concentration camp, the doctor Lunsaimu acted as the image of his father and made him to relieve from the grief of losing his parents. Afterwards, he took a picture of a man and woman from the newspaper as a symbol of his parents. When he was hit by a setback, he can hardly remember what his parents looked like and didn’t want to talk to other people about his parents. Due to a long period of time in the camp, Jamie felt that only the Japanese can provide him with life guarantee. In the twenty-eighth chapter of the novel, when Bessie learned that Japan was going to surrender, he ignored Jamie and secretly escaped from the camp. Being one of the persons who kept good relationship with Jamie, Bessie was an ungrateful guy. His leaving without saying goodbye made Jamie sad. When Mrs. Vincent offered help to Jamie and asked for return, Jamie said to her, "don't forget that you are British", which indicated that national identity has always plagued Jamie. In short, the pain of losing his parents, and the abandon by American led Jamie to be in the verge of collapse of national identity.

The construction of self identity of a writer, whether in the Orient or the West, is involved in the construction of the "other" identity, which is the opposite of his own. They need to confirm themselves by interpretation of the "other". Jamie met all kinds of people in the war, and finally recognize himself in his determination of them. Ballard implied his own national identity confusion through Jamie.

3.3 Anti-Imperialism and Anti-Colonialism in This Novel

Ballard is good at writing war and disaster. His works are directly or indirectly related to the Second World War. In the imaginative memoir of Empire of the Sun and the Kindness of Women, the third world war will never or is about to happen. Empire of the Sun is a war novel. The war took place in China, which was also the country suffered huge losses. The descriptions of Shanghai from 1930s to 1940s in this novel were intended to focus on the darkness, terror, death and confusion here. The scenes that the Kuomintang killed the Communists were repeatedly written. However, it didn’t mention Chinese people strived to defend their homes and rebelled against the Japanese imperialist aggression at all. In the first chapter of her novel, Jamie’s topsy-turvy value was exposed. Jamie thought that in the real war, no one knew he was on which side, and there was no winner or enemy. Empire of the Sun told the story of a boy's war dream. As Lunsaimu doctor said, as for Jamie, it was just a "war and death game". Throughout the novel, Jamie's admiration and longing for the Japanese air force were presented. In Jamie’s opinion, the Japanese air force was brave, disciplined, reasonable and even kind-hearted. This worship was clearly reflected in the twenty-third chapter. One morning, Jamie saw three Japanese pilots, who were not much bigger than him. A captain held in a short departure ceremony for them. These pilots, took the flies as the audience, and shouted loudly "Long live Mikado" or three times. At that time, Japan has been at a disadvantage in the war, and there were continuously aircrafts crashing from the air. Jamie was conquered by Japanese bushido spirit of facing death unflinchingly. Afterwards, Jamie intended to take part in the Japanese air force. This is the author’s wrong outlook on war blindly advocating force and courage, regardless of the justice. This is a misleading for readers.

In modern China was a colonial country invaded by Western powers. After the outbreak of Anti Japanese War, Japanese took over the Shanghai public concession instead of the Americans and Europeans. However, the colonial nature of Shanghai was no essentially different. From the Opium War in 1840, China was almost a successful example to prove China's backwardness as an "other" of the United Kingdom academically. In the twenty-third chapter, an American plane crashed from the air, and the American pilots sitting on the seat were burn with the plane, passing through the forest outside the camp, and transforming into a part of empire of the sun. As a metaphorical signifier, the image of “empire of the sun” referred to the old imperialism of the United Kingdom, and the new imperialism of Japan. They are the mother and son of the colonial relationship. Empire of the Sun possesses a very strong deceptiveness. It is focuses on the description of a child's feelings and experiences of the war through a ten-year-old child's point of view, among which his pursuit of flying dreams and the worship of the Japanese air force were the most typical. Through Jamie's unique experience of war, Ballard tried to shift the readers’ attention to the Chinese people's suffering in the war. Its implication was the deep-rooted imperialism ideology and colonial intention.

Chapter Four Conclusion

Ballard shaped the silent Chinese images in Empire of the Sun. The image of silent "other" is a common way to distort the description of the colonial countries by western writers. In Orientalism, Said pointed out that the Orient was viewed as an inexhaustible source for its almost offensive (but not serious) acts. The Europeans were spectators, made a inspections on the Orient with their sensibility. However, they never get involved, and always kept certain distance. For Ballard, Shanghai was an indelible memory in his mind. In fact, the foreign image has the dual functions of representing "other" and "ego".

Empire of the Sun receives great attention in western countries. The famous American historian Shi Jingqian once went to China to give a speech in the late 1980s. He picked up a dozen of litterateur and ideologist worldwide, and narrated those people as well as the created Chinese images in their works. Empire of the Sun by Ballard is listed in. Shi Jingqian considered Ballard as a typical writer who deliberately shaped the dark side of China. In Culture and Imperialism, Said advocated the “contrapuntal reading”. By rereading the classical literature works and reviewing the hypothetic premise of these works, it can discover the hidden dualistic opposition thinking mode behind the works.

There is certain hypothetic premise in the Empire of the Sun writing by Ballard. The west is high above, and China is backward as well as ugly. The other image he created is to verify himself instead of understanding the other image. The prosperousness, civilization, sense and powerfulness of the imperialism requires a object as reference, hence the poor, ugly, negative and weak China suffering the war entering into the view of Ballard. He is good at describing war. However, the autobiography Empire of the Sun is lack of thinking about the war and modern people’s destiny. There is an absence of basic political stand and humanistic care. In the end of Empire of the Sun, Ballard even reveals his missing to the war. Jim in the novel is expecting the Third World War to come, and he is intending to stay in the Longhua concentration camp. To Ballard, the war even becomes a part of his spiritual life. Just as considered by the western critics, it is a mistake to regard Empire of the Sun as a novel writing about the Second World War. It is more of the possibility of clear boundary about the start and finish of war, finish and restart of war.

The military invasion of colonialism has become the history. However, little attention is paid to the cultural invasion of western post colonialism. The Chinese nation still needs to open wide the eyes on imperialism, as the historical significance of imperialism is not limited within itself, but its infusion in realistic life of billions of people. Being the common memory of both the colonist and the colonized, imperialism still plays great influence as a complete set of contradictory culture, ideology and policy.

Chinese images in the works of UK and Europe does have a lot of changes at different times. Instead of saying these changes reflect the changes of Chinese society, say they reflect the progress of European knowledge history. British poet Kipling said that East is east, West is west, they will never meet. This opinion was excessively pessimistic. For hundreds of years, China has been in the literary imagination as the "other" mythologized by Britain. Furthermore, it has always been in the cultural utilization, which proves that it is possible for the China and Britain to understand and communicate with each other. In today's multicultural era, the relation between China and the UK have been more closely. The China’s nonego image mythologized by Britain must be broken. What the real demand of the cultural exchanges between the two countries is to recognize the beauty of difference and diversification, and accept each other with an open mind.

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