论文总字数：23947字

摘 要

本文主要研究冯唐的《飞鸟集》中译本。本文先简单介绍了冯唐译本及研究目的，随后构建了理论框架。在此基础上，本文对比分析了译文与原文，重点关注写作风格、内容以及读者期待三个方面的问题。本文希望能对冯唐的《飞鸟集》中译本作出较为客观的评价。

关键词：《飞鸟集》； 冯唐中译本；较客观的评价

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements i

English Abstract ii

Chinese Abstract iii

Table of Contents iv

Chapter One Introduction 1

Chapter Two The Theoretical Framework 2

2.1 Theory of literary translation 2

2.2 Theory of translation rewriting 2

2.3 Theory of translation ethics 3

Chapter Three A Comparitive analysis of the original and the translation 5

3.1 Writing style 5

3.2 The content 6

3.3 Readers’ expectations 7

Chapter Four A Further Analysis of Some Examples from Feng’s Translation 8

4.1 From the perspective of literary translation theory 8

4.2 From the perspective of translation rewriting 9

4.3 from the perspective of translation ethics 10

Chapter Five Conclusion 12

Chapter One Introduction

Feng Tang’s Chinese version of Stray Birds is translated from the 2012 Edition reprinted by The United States Forgotten Books Press，which reprinted from the 1919 edition reprinted by British Macmillan Press. This book was published by Zhejiang literature and Art Publishing House in July, 2015. After facing the public, this book caused a great disturbance in Translation circle. They state that Feng Tang’s Chinese Version of Stray Birds is not only the lack of respect for the classic, but also the lack of respect for the translation itself.

Under the crusade sound, on the morning of December 28, Zhejiang literature and Art Publishing House decided to off the shelf Feng Tang version of “Stray birds” and re-evaluated this translation. This matter has aroused the concern of all walks of life. Especially, Li Yinhe said, “Feng Tang’s translation is the best Chinese version.” in her blog. This can be seen, Feng Tang’s Chinese version of Stray Birds indeed triggering a frenzy of reading, also praises and controversy followed. Some people think that this translation is a terrorist attack of translation circle. At the same time, some people think it is a reform in the history of translation. The author believes that this matter is worth doing a systematic study.

Due to the limitation of the author’s own conditions, media commentaries are impression and buckle- hat type. They don’t have comprehensive comparison of the original works and translations. Therefore, the conclusion is not rigorous. However, the evaluation of the translation should be based on the objective and scientific attitude, a comprehensive comparison of the original work and the translation. Therefore, this study is prepared to make a more rigorous and reliable evaluation of Feng Tang’s translation of Stray Birds by comparing the original work and the translation.

Chapter Two The Theoretical Frameworks

Study of Feng Tang's translation is mainly related to three theories，theory of literary translation，theory of translation rewriting，theory of translation ethics.

2.1 Theory of literary translation

Until the 1970s, traditional studies of Chinese translation are to be faithful to the original text as the highest standard and around the discussion between literal translation and free translation. The purpose is to seek a unified, absolute, and generally accepted translation criterion for guiding translation practice. It is represented by Yan Fu’s maxim-- “Faithfulness,” “Expressiveness,” and “Elegance.”

In short, “Faithfulness” is to be faithful to original text and original idea to re express the meaning of the original text in another language accurately and accurately.

“Expressiveness” means that the expression of the translation is smooth and not blunt.

“Elegance” refers to the writing style of the translation should be close to the writing style of the original text.

2.2 Theory of translation rewriting

The concept of rewriting theory is proposed by Lefevere. He thought that historiography, anthology, translation criticism, editing and so on are rewritten in different ways. They are all modified and manipulated from a certain level. Among them, translation is the most obvious and most influential rewriting. Because it sets up the image of the author or the work in another culture, let them break the boundary of the original culture. In the preface of Translation, rewriting, and the control of literary fame, Lefevre and Bassnette pointed out that translation is a rewriting of the original text, and all the rewriting, no matter for what purpose, show some form of cognition and poetics. Translation, as the most obvious way of rewriting, is subject to the limitation of the form of cognition and poetics.

Form of cognition is a concept of social culture. When we talk about the form of cognition, it may be involved in the political situation, economic situation, and the national cultural orientation of a society's literary system. The form of cognition plays an important role in translation, which determines the basic strategy that the translator will take. Lefevere, in his other book, Literary Translation: the theory and theory of Comparative Literature, pointed out that the translators want to publish their own works. If the translation is not inconsistent with the norms of behavior in target culture, the purpose of the translator would be easy to reach. The most influential form of cognition in translation is political, especially in politically sensitive societies or periods. In such a situation, the translator must make a decision to choose the type of text and the strategy of translation.

Poetics includes two aspects, on the one hand, literature, literature, style, theme, characters, plot and meaning and a series of literary elements. On the other hand, it is a kind of concept. That is, in the social system, literature from what works, or what role should be played. Different cultures will make a conflict in poetics. The culture of the target language in the leading position of poetics will inevitably affect the translator's translation. Therefore, in order to reach a certain poetic request, the translator must make concessions. Sometimes, the poetics of a kind of culture may not be popular in another culture. This requires the translator to adopt effective translation strategies.

Sponsor is “any possible person who can contribute to the production and dissemination of literary works or may prevent, prohibit and destroy the power of literary works.”

Theory of rewriting has a strong applicability, which is different from the previous research methods and provides a new perspective for the study of literary translation. However，it lacks a standard of judgment and uncompleted. Need careful reference.

Theory of translation ethics

Theory of translation ethics was first put forward by the French literature translator Antaean Bellman. In his foundation, Finnish scholar Andrew Chesterman put forward the five ethical models, ethics of representation, ethics of service, ethics of communication, ethics of ethics and professional responsibility. These five models have an important influence on translation studies.

Representation is to say that the translation should reflect the meaning of the original text.

Ethics of service is the relationship between the user and the translation. Translators are able to proceed, create translation and adjust the original text from angle of users.

Ethics of meaning refers to the communication between the translator, the original text and the author of the original text, taking into account the purpose of the translation is the effect and reaction of the language. Different expressions of language can convey the same meaning and effect.

Ethics of norms requires clarity, truth, trust and understanding. It is a summary and restriction of other translation ethics.

Ethics of professional responsibility requires the translator to have the moral, the sense of responsibility and the conscience of the translator.

Chapter Three

A Comparative analysis of the original and the translation

For the study of Feng Tang's translation, author believes that it should start from the comparison between the target text and the original text. Stray Bird totally has three hundred and twenty-six poems. Author will choose the poetry which is representative to analysis and choose three angles, such as writing style, writing content and the reader group to compare and analyze.

3.1 Writing style

Feng Tang’s translation causes great disturbance after publish mainly because of its bohemia, networked and Popularization.

For example, Tagore’s original text is “troupe of little vagrants of the world” (Feng Tang 2015:53)

He translates，“现世里孤孤单单的小混蛋啊！”(Feng Tang 2015:53)，“小混蛋” is a kind of colloquial usage and also a nickname between lovers.

Tagore’s original text is “the world puts off its mask of vastness to its lover.” (Feng Tang 2015:169)

He translates，“大千世界在情人面前解开裤裆。”(Feng Tang 2015:169)，“裤裆”is also a kind of colloquial usage. It is a little bit direct and bold. It means the mask of desire.

Tagore’s original text is “power said to the world，“you are mine.”.” (Feng Tang 2015:178)

He translates，“强权对世界说“你丫是我的。”(Feng Tang 2015:178)，“你丫”is a usage of north dialect. Although it is rude, it is rhyme.

Tagore’s original text is “the great earth makes herself hospitable with the help of the grass.” (Feng Tang 2015:218)

He translates，“有了绿草，大地变得挺骚。”(Feng Tang 2015:218)

Tagore’s original text is “chastity is a wealth that comes from abundance of love” (Feng Tang 2015:222)

He translates，“爱满了，就没空地儿花心了。”(Feng Tang 2015:222)

This content is combined with some of our local dialect, network language and the use of words on sex. According to the author, among three hundred and twenty-six poems, there are 10 poems that are translated like translation above.

However, the rest of poems are simple and elegant, not hypocritical but poetic.

For example, Tagore’s original text is “in my solitude of heart I feel the sigh of this widowed evening veiled with mist and rain.” (Feng Tang 2015:289)

He translates,“在我心的枯寂中，我听到夜的叹息，雾，雨。” (Feng Tang 2015:289). It is succinct in the use of word.

Tagore’s original text is “in darkness the one appears as uniform，in the light the one appears as manifold.” (Feng Tang 2015:165)

He translates, “在黑暗中，太一似一，在光亮中，太一似亿。”(Feng Tang 2015:165). It is full of poetry.

Compared with Tagore’s Stray Birds, Feng Tang’s translation is more rhyme.

Tagore’s original text is “the roots below the earth claim no rewards for making the braches fruitful.” (Feng Tang 2015:347)

He translates,“地上的枝结满水果，地下的根不计功过。”(Feng Tang 2015:347)

Tagore’s original text is “man’s history is waiting in patience for the triumph of the insulted man” (Feng Tang 2015:337)

He translates,“人类的历史在耐心期冀 那些被侮辱的人的胜利。”(Feng Tang 2015:337)

Compared to the overall, with Tagore's original writing style, Feng Tang’s translation is more life colloquial, concise generous, poetic and rhyme.

3.2 The content

In terms of content, Feng Tang's translation is not verbatim translation，especially translate mask into “裤裆”. But with careful thinking, you will find that it is reasonable, and quite interesting. And according to author’s statistics, there are only fifteen poems like such bold free translation in three hundred and twenty-six poems. Most of the rest of the translation are more accurate translation in accordance with the original.

For example, Tagore’s original text is “the world has kissed my soul with its pain, asking for its return in songs.” (Feng Tang 2015:257)

He translates, “世界用它的痛亲吻我的魂魄，让我还它以歌。”(Feng Tang 2015:257)

Tagore’s original text is “woman，thou hast encircled the world’s heart with the depth of thy tears as the sea has the earth.” (Feng Tang 2015:225)

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