中美贸易战对跨境电商的影响

论文总字数：39750字

摘 要

中美贸易摩擦，也可称为中美贸易战，一直都是中美经济关系里的重要问题。中美贸易战的争端主要在于，中国具有比较优势的出口领域，以及中国没有自主的知识领域。美方试图通过增加关税的方式，减少贸易逆差。中美贸易战不仅仅是经济层面的争端，更是政治层面的争端。中美贸易战的加剧，让中国新兴发展的跨境电商备受压力。正如80年代美日贸易战那样，美方希望通过中美贸易战遏制中国经济的发展。中国经济的快速持续发展离不开跨境电商的贡献，作者希望通过对中美贸易战影响的分析，寻找出对抗策略，解决当前的困境。

作者将本文分成三个部分，包括中国跨境电商现状的介绍，中美贸易战影响的分析，以及相对应的解决对策。作者将从中美贸易战对中国跨境电商造成的内部影响以及外部影响进行分析，继而再从政府和企业层面寻找应对对策。作者发现，中美贸易战的爆发，改变了中国跨境电商传统的运输方式，增加跨境电商的运营压力，打击了跨境电商员工的工作积极性。除此之外，中国跨境电商的知识产权问题也被暴露出来，这也是中美贸易争端的核心之一。对此，作者意识到想要彻底解决中美贸易争端，不仅仅要通过政府层面的协商，还需要通过企业内部的革新升级，将中国制造变为中国创造。

关键词: 跨境电商; 中美贸易战；应对措施

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments 4

Abstract 5

中文摘要 6

Chapter One Introduction 8

1.1 Research Background 8

1.2 Thesis Structure 9

1.3 Literature Review 10

Chapter Two Status Quo of China's Cross-border E-commerce 13

2.1 Different Types of Cross-border E-commerce 13

2.1.1 Classified by Transaction Party 13

2.1.2 Classified by Transaction Platform 13

2.1.3 Classified by Transportation Mode 13

2.2 Differences between E-commerce and Traditional Trading Companies 14

2.3 The Status Quo of Cross-border E-commerce Development in China 14

Chapter Three The Impact of Sino-US Trade War on Cross-border E-commerce 16

3.1 The Background of Sino-US Trade War 16

3.2 The Dilemma Faced by China’s Cross-border E-commerce in China 16

3.3 Internal Impact of Sino-US Trade War on Cross-border E-commerce 17

3.4 External Impact of Sino-US Trade War on Cross-border E-commerce 18

Chapter Four The Countermeasures of China's Cross-border E-commerce Against the Sino-US Trade War 20

4.1 What the government can do 20

4.1.1 Improvement of Relevant Policies 20

4.1.2 Negotiation and Pressure 21

4.2 Measures Companies can Take 21

4.2.1 Transformation and Innovation 21

4.2.2 Cost Control and Improvement of Logistics 21

4.2.3 Improving the Regulation and Awareness of E-commerce Intellectual Property Law 22

Conclusion 23

Work cited 24

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Research Background

Nowadays, Sino-US trade war is the most popular and controversial topic in economic field, and many specialists have various worries about the escalation of Sino-US trade war. Actually, Sino-US trade war not only impedes the development of Chinese cross-border e-commerce, but also has a great impact on global economy. Global economy dropped about 20% due to the stagnation of international circumstance brought by Sino-US trade war. Demerits of Sino-US trade war outweigh its merits provided that Sino-US trade war cannot be appropriately resolved. Sino-US trade war has a great influence on Chinese cross-border e-commerce both in external aspects and in internal aspects, and the development of cross-border e-commerce is frozen and retrograded with bankrupt of some small and middle-sized cross-border e-commerce. Cross-border e-commerce are Chinese start-up corporations leading a great proportion of Chinese economy, and Chinese economy relies on this start-up corporations. Therefore, we need to analyze the impacts on cross-border e-commerce brought by Sino-US trade war and figure out proper countermeasures to resolve these negative impacts. My thesis focuses on the analysis of negative impacts brought by Sino-US trade war and the countermeasures to Sino-US trade war. The US government announced that exporting products by Chinese cross-border e-commerce violate the law of intellectual property on design and brand, which alarms Chinese cross-border on the consciousness of intellectual property. Chinese cross-border e-commerce should pay more attention on the aspect of intellectual property when producing and selling, then they can alleviate the negative impacts from Sino-US trade war. The protection of intellectual property is the crucial factor to resolve Sino-US trade war, and cross-border e-commerce should focus on the transformation from Chinese manufacturing to Chinese creation.

1.2 Thesis Structure

I divided my thesis into three sections which include the general description of Chinese cross-border e-commerce, the impacts of Sino-US trade war on Chinese cross-border e-commerce and the countermeasures of Chinese cross-border e-commerce under Sino-US trade war.

Chapter one demonstrates the status quo of Chinese cross-border e-commerce and the distinctive sides of Chinese cross-border e-commerce. I will have a general introduction to the different categories of Chinese cross-border e-commerce and contemporary development of Chinese cross-border e-commerce.

Chapter two focuses on the negative impacts of Sino-US trade war on Chinese cross-border e-commerce, which are both in the internal aspect and external aspect. In addition, I will also analyze the causes of Sino-US trade war and dilemmas faced by Chinese cross-border e-commerce.

Chapter three discusses about the countermeasures from government and companies. What’s more, I pay more attention to the importance of intellectual property protection and find out solution to raise the awareness of intellectual property.

1.3 Literature Review

Many essays have detailed analysis about the impacts of Sino-US trade war on Chinese cross-border e-commerce, and these essays point out that Sino-US trade war has great influence on the cost of products and the methods of logistics to Chinese cross-border e-commerce. In addition, some of these essays put forward a lot of feasible countermeasure to reduce the negative effects from Sino-US trade war. Furthermore, some particular lectures mention the necessity of intellectual property protection that is the crucial factor triggering the Sino-US trade war.

In term of the impacts of Sino-US trade war on Chinese cross-border e-commerce, Yang Yong (2018) and Jin Hong (2015) had specific analysis on the five segments including cost of raw material, tax burden, strict supervision of intellectual property and logistics. He declared that rising cost of raw material makes many Chinese cross-border e-commerce have a great deficit due to the Sino-US trade war, and tariff burden keeps up great pressure on small and middle cross-border e-commerce. In addition, Ali Ghorbani (2017) pointed out the US government grasped the weakness that Chinese cross-border e-commerce do not pay more attention on intellectual property, so the US government give a great deal of penalty on Chinese cross-border e-commerce which violate the property of design or band. Besides, Yang Zhenhua (2015) focus on the transformation of logistics. Previously, Chinese cross-border e-commerce use shipping as their main method of logistics. However, these corporations prefer to use the aviation to transport small amount of their products in case of stocking goods.

In term of the countermeasures to Sino-US trade war, economist Lu Xia (2018) and Zhang Xiaofan (2018) gave us her suggestions. Chinese cross-border e-commerce should pay effort on innovation and creation and boost value-added of their products. Then they can transform their method of production from processing to creation and actively establish their own bands. Ma Hong, Teng Yue and Xu Yuan (2018) said that Chinese cross-border e-commerce can gain experience from Japan-US trade war that American government compelled Japanese government to sign Plaza Accord, which causes Japanese economic recession. Chinese cross-border e-commerce can take advantage of new technology such as big date and artificial intelligence to explore new future for their corporations. To be specific, Zhang Ying (2018) said that Chinese cross-border e-commerce can have deep investigation with big date to customers such as their preference of shopping or their shopping habits, then they can design effective advertisement and customized service. Moreover, Wang Mingyu and Liao Qin (2014) suggested that Chinese cross-border e-commerce can use artificial intelligence to improve the efficiency of logistics and the management of oversea warehouse. Yu Xiaoyan and Zhu Liping (2017) said that Chinese cross-border e-commerce can develop new method of logistics such as automatic warehouse, electronic platform of customs clearance and logistics finance, which can boost their core competitiveness. Besides, Chinese government can also seek help from the WTO and use the WTO rules to protect their rights and interests. The United States provoked a trade war against China through the "301" investigation, which violates the rule of WTO and launch a large anti-dumping and countervailing trade war against China. At the same time, China should actively modify and improve their own relative commercial laws and actively participate in the formulation and improvement of international trade rules, which can help China enhance international prestige and influence.

In term of the intellectual property protection, Zhai Huafeng (2018) demonstrated contemporary issues of Chinese intellectual property protection. Lagging Chinese law of intellectual property causes the weak consciousness of intellectual property, and Chinese cross-border e-commerce together with Chinese administrations should pay more attention to the development of intellectual property. Furthermore, Su Kai (2016) and Shen Yuanzhi (2016) advised that Chinese administrations should improve their legislative system of intellectual property and Chinese cross-border e-commerce need establish relevant departments to resolve the issues of intellectual property.

To sum up, my dissertation will explore more impacts of Sino-US trade war on Chinese cross-border e-commerce. Although many essays have analyzed the external impacts of Sino-US trade war, they neglect the internal impacts such as the working circumstance of employees. In addition, my dissertation not only gives countermeasures to Chinese cross-border e-commerce, but also intend to raise Chinese government’s awareness. Chinese government’s pressure and negotiation will be the best approach to resolve the negative impacts of Sino-US trade war. Furthermore, I would like to discuss more detail about intellectual property. The Sino-US trade war can easily be resolved provided that the issues of intellectual property protection can be attached enough importance, and Zhai Huafeng’s essay inspires me to have deep refection and consideration on the intellectual property.

Chapter Two Status Quo of China's Cross-border E-commerce

2.1 Different Types of Cross-border E-commerce

2.1.1 Classified by Transaction Party

B2B (Business to Business) is a kind of transaction including online ordering, payment and settlement and also cross-border logistics between international corporations such as Alibaba, World Factory Network, Chinese Manufacture Network or Global Resource Network.

B2C (Business to customers) is another type of transaction that may resemble a B2B module but is different from the customer category. Because B2C has a special target group, it is more likely to be individual-oriented.

C2C (consumer to consumer) is a particular schema, linking two different single customers, such as Amazon, eBay, JingDong Mall, and SuNing Mall. This type has a few things in common, but mostly provides a platform for single sellers and single buyers.

2.1.2 Classified by Transaction Platform

Proprietary platform: cross-border e-commerce need to take charge of their own purchase, retail, cost control, profit management, and even integrating the resource of suppliers, which is more profitable than third-party board. This type of e-commerce is all self-employment and self-financing. Therefore, it can control the electronic commerce transaction the entire process and the risk. However, compared with some third-party platforms, such as Milan.com, Da long, FocalPrice and other e-commerce, their products are not diversified enough.

Third-party platform: Majority of this kind of cross-border e-commerce tend to establish an online shop or online platform composed by seller and buyer. Besides, this kind of online platform do not need to take any risk, which is responsible for the individuals. Third party platforms make use of the Internet to improve the efficiency of resource allocation. And the most famous one is Taobao owned by Alibaba.

2.1.3 Classified by Transportation Mode

Bonded stocking mode: The procurement process of cross-border e-commerce is as follows: through centralized overseas procurement, the goods sent back from overseas to domestic bonded warehouses are uniformly ordered. When the consumers order online, the logistics company will send the products from the bonded warehouse to the customer directly.

Overseas direct mail mode: It can be easily understood that goods directly sent back to domestic consumers through international logistics companies.

Collecting direct mail mode: Cross-border e-commerce companies first store the goods in overseas warehouses after receiving the orders, and then send the goods back to China after a certain amount is received. This mode can reduce the selling price of merchandise, yet the issue of timeliness cannot be ensured.

2.2 Differences between E-commerce and Traditional Trading Companies

The traditional trade flow is from a country's importer and exporter to another country's importer and exporter, and then customers through domestic production, domestic exports, foreign imports, foreign wholesalers, foreign retail and foreign customers more than five kinds of channels to complete the logistics distribution and sales of products process. Traditional trading is time-consuming, complicated and even higher cost compared to cross-border e-commerce.

Cross-border e-commerce has three representative features, the global scope of trading, immediacy of information exchange, and convenient trading channels. First, cross-border e-commerce has broken through geographical restrictions and achieved cross-border trade. The catalyst is the hope that there will be a broader market and more global consumers. In addition to that, both parties of the trade can exchange information in real time. Regardless of the distance, they exchange information simultaneously and synchronously, and the ordering and the payment is completed at same time. Furthermore, Cross-border e-commerce has cut down many intermediate channels in traditional cross-border trade, eliminating the obstacle for engaging in cross-border trade and making international trade easier and more transparent. Furthermore, cross-border e-commerce shorten the operating cycle and provide international marketing channels for middle and small-sized enterprises.

2.3 The Status Quo of Cross-border E-commerce Development in China

In the late 1990s, Chinese cross-border e-commerce began to spring with the model of B2B model. For example, Ma Yun established the China Yellow Pages which can be seen as the prototype of the Chinese cross-border e-commerce. Afterwards, the establishment of Alibaba facilitated the growing of foreign trade services for some small and middle enterprises. After 2003, with the rapid development of Chinese Cross-border e-commerce, many enterprises improved their transaction, logistics and payment processes. 2014 was the first year of cross-border e-commerce as there was an explosive growth in cross-border e-commerce. Traditional cross-border online shopping is being abandoned. Jd, Vipshop, Redbook and a number of new enterprises participated in the international competition. In 2014, the general administration of customs supervised cross-border e-commerce trade, from which cross-border e-commerce trade gained legal status.

Chapter Three The Impact of Sino-US Trade War on Cross-border E-commerce

3.1 The Background of Sino-US Trade War

At the beginning of the reform and opening up in 1979, the volume of trade between China and US was 2.45 billion US dollars. After 2017, the volume of trade between China and the US has a great surge and exceeded 58 million dollars. The United States is at a disadvantage, with a trade surplus of more than $342.64 billion. Mechanical and electrical products account for about half of China's exports. It is unpredictable that China take advantage of cheap labor force to realize the surplus, yet US government commits themselves to eliminate the amount of surplus. In the past, exports of low-value-added goods such as clothing or textiles were entirely dependent on low-cost Chinese labor, and the US could not stop that trade. Nonetheless, as exporting high-tech products continued to grow in China, the United States began to crack down on Chinese exports in the field of intellectual property to reduce the trade deficit. According to Trump's statement, he declares to reduce the deficit of 100 billion dollars, which may reduce the unemployment rate in the United States and boost the employment opportunities in manufacturing. In March 2018, president Trump proposed to impose a penalty of approximately $60 billion on China. The Chinese government issuing a retaliatory tariff about $3 billion to the United States responds to Trump’s decision. In May 2018, after talks between the two sides failed, the trump administration imposed about $50 billion in tariffs, and the Chinese government responded by imposing different tariffs on American imports. From September 24, 2018, China retaliated by imposing tariffs of 10 to 5 percent on about $60 billion in goods from the United States. Then, in September 2018, the United States imposed a 10% tariff on about 200 billion US dollars of goods imported from China, which causes the all-out trade war. On May 10, 2019, the US raises the tariff from 10% to 25% to Chinese exporting goods, which are worth more than 200 billion US dollars. Since June 1, 2019, China has increased the tariff rate to the 60 billion US dollar list of US goods, which are imposed tariffs of 25%, 20% or 10% respectively.

3.2 The Dilemma Faced by China’s Cross-border E-commerce in China

China has the largest number of cross-border e-commerce, but compared with some developed countries, China's e-commerce lacks core competitiveness. China's e-commerce mainly relies on low-cost labor to occupy the market of developed countries. China's cross-border e-commerce platforms are highly competitive, and many factories are transforming into e-commerce models, leading to increased costs. At the same time, all major e-commerce platforms have increased their budget on promoting and publicizing to drive media traffic. China's cross-border e-commerce faces the dual pressures that they need put down their selling price to attract customers but invest more money on advertising. What’s more, although logistics as a crucial part of Chinese cross-border e-commerce, has already improved their service and designed various customized plan. But it still has several problems such as high transportation cost, long period of transportation and distribution, and unpredictable transportation risk. Without the solution of logistics problems, China's cross-border e-commerce cannot achieve sustainable development.

剩余内容已隐藏，请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：39750字