跨区域协同的应急物流集成优化研究

1 绪论 1

1.1研究背景 1

1.2研究的目的和意义 1

1.2.1研究目的 1

1.2.2研究意义 1

1.3研究方法与文章框架 2

1.3.1研究方法 2

1.3.2文章框架 2

2 文献研究 3

2.1应急物流相关研究现状 3

2.1.1应急物流研究现状 3

2.1.2跨区域应急物流研究现状 4

2.2应急路径规划研究现状 4

2.3国内外研究现状评述 5

3 跨区域应急物流节点的选取 5

3.1跨区域应急物流节点的选择 5

3.1.1时间因素 5

3.1.2经济因素 5

3.1.3灾害因素 6

3.1.4区位因素 6

4 跨区域协同的应急路径选取属性分析及模型构建 6

4.1跨区域协同的应急路径选取属性分析 6

4.1.1路径长度 6

4.1.2道路损毁程度 6

4.1.3协同能力 7

4.1.4灵活性 7

4.2跨区域协同的应急路径属性权重赋值 8

4.3跨区域协同的应急路径选取模型 9

4.3.1符号含义 9

4.3.2目标函数 10

4.3.3约束条件 10

5跨区域协同的应急路径选取模型算法与算例分析 11

5.1跨区域协同的应急路径选取模型算法 11

5.1.1规范指标属性 11

5.1.2求解路段值 11

5.1.3搜索最优路径 12

5.2跨区域协同的应急路径选取算例分析 12

6结论与展望 15

6.1结论 15

6.2展望 16

参考文献 16

致谢 18

跨区域协同的应急物流集成优化研究

窦茹

Abstract

In recent years, although our economy has continuous development and the process of urbanization has been accelerating, the casualties and economic losses caused by natural disasters are also increasing. We cannot prevent the occurrence of disasters, but we can reduce the losses caused by natural disasters by strengthening the capacity of emergency logistics management. The objective of emergency logistics management is to prepare for disaster prevention and mitigation before the occurrence of disasters, to respond in time, to complete the reasonable arrangement of personnel and materials in the shortest time, so as to minimize the loss of disaster. Emergency Logistics Path planning is an important part of emergency logistics management, and reasonable path planning can transport rescue personnel, supplies and disaster victims to the corresponding destinations in the shortest time. The most important influencing factor of the trans-regional coordination is the organization. The selection of the trans-regional emergency logistics nodes and the selection of the route attribute of the cross-regional coordination based on the other characteristics of the emergency logistics. The organization of trans-regional emergency logistics is a town represented by the government, which takes town as its node and breaks the previous selection mode according to the administrative level, and considers the influence factors of the cross area node selection in the qualitative analysis way. In addition to the attributes of path length, road damage degree and road flexibility, the coordination capability of emergency logistics path planning based on cross-regional coordination is also proposed, which combines with the influence factors of trans-regional cooperative rescue. The weight of each attribute is calculated by AHP, and the attribute is converted into the fuzzy number which can be computed, and the weight is used in the model, and the final model is solved by Dijkstra algorithm. The final results show that the optimized cross region coordinated contingency path planning model can meet the complexity of cross-regional cooperative rescue in disaster situations, and makes the result of emergency path selection more reliable.

Keywords: emergency logistics; trans-regional; collaborative; path selection

1. 绪论

1.1研究背景

作为在地球上生存的物种，人类始终与自然相伴，自然灾害则是人类在地球上生存所必须面对的挑战。在过去的十几年里，海啸、洪水、地震、泥石流等许多自然灾害不断发生，对人们的生产和生活产生了极大的影响。比如著名的2003年“非典”在极短的时间内产生了全球8459病例并导致其死亡；2004年印度洋海啸导致的死伤人数达到29万；2008年的汶川地震引起45万人次的伤亡和失踪人数。最近的很多数据显示，每年的突发性自然灾害会造成将近70000人的死亡，与此同时对近20亿人产生影响[^[1]]。中国自2000年以来，在国内多个地区发生过各类重大自然灾害，对人民群众的生命和财产安全造成重大威胁[^[2]]。这些突发性极强的自然灾害通常是无法准确预测也无法彻底避免的，更多地需要思考的是能否用科学的方法减少伤亡以及破坏所带来的损失。因此，越来越多的研究者开始关注如何在自然灾害发生后对受灾地区实施及时有效的救援，而应急物流管理作为应对突发性自然灾害的重要救援管理手段开始成为研究者关注的课题。

应急物流通常是为了应对突发的自然灾害或者公共事件所开展的与物资运输有关的特殊的物流活动，这类活动对时间具有很高的要求，需要在最短的时间内满足受灾地的需要[^[3]]。应急物流的目标就是在突发性事件发生后尽快为事件发生地区提供救援，使伤亡人数和其他损失最小化。通常应急物流管理大多以行政区域作为物资配送的管理单位，每个地区之间的应急救援是相互独立的，但是，在面对特大规模或具有明显区域性的突发性事件时跨区域合作显得日趋重要。具有跨区域性质的应急救援活动需要大范围的合作，各区域的合作程度在很大程度上影响着救援的效果，因此跨区域应急物流管理成为日益重要的研究课题。

1.2研究的目的和意义

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